| Summary: | MYB (myeloblastosis) transcription factors plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, little is known about the regulatory roles of <i>MYB</i> family genes underlying seed oil biosynthesis in <i>Camellia oleifera</i>. To identify potential regulators, we performed the genome-wide characterizations of the MYB family genes and their expression profiles in <i>C. oleifera</i>. A total of 186 <i>CoMYB</i> genes were identified, including 128 R2R3-type <i>MYB</i> genes that had conserved R2 and R3 domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the <i>CoR2R3-MYBs</i> formed 25 subgroups and possessed some highly conserved motifs outside the MYB DNA-binding domain. We investigated the promoter regions of <i>CoR2R3-MYBs</i> and revealed a series of cis-acting elements related to development, hormone response, and environmental stress response, suggesting a diversified regulatory mechanism of gene functions. In addition, we identified four tandem clusters containing eleven <i>CoR2R3-MYBs</i>, which indicated that tandem duplications played an important role in the expansion of the <i>CoR2R3-MYB</i> subfamily. Furthermore, we analyzed the global gene expression profiles at five stages during seed development and revealed seven <i>CoR2R3-MYB</i> genes that potentially regulated lipid metabolism and seed maturation in <i>C. oleifera</i>. These results provide new insights into understanding the function of the <i>MYB</i> genes and the genetic improvement of seed oil.
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