Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme
Erythema multiforme in pigs is an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by red skin areas and often associated with anorexia, fever and respiratory problems. The cause of the disease remains unknown. In a recent study, animals of a commercial breeding herd in Greece were examined, and all anima...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/652 |
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| author | Sabrina Halecker Vasileios Papatsiros Dimitra Psalla Ludwig Krabben Benedikt Kaufer Joachim Denner |
| author_facet | Sabrina Halecker Vasileios Papatsiros Dimitra Psalla Ludwig Krabben Benedikt Kaufer Joachim Denner |
| author_sort | Sabrina Halecker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Erythema multiforme in pigs is an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by red skin areas and often associated with anorexia, fever and respiratory problems. The cause of the disease remains unknown. In a recent study, animals of a commercial breeding herd in Greece were examined, and all animals were found seropositive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). However, neither PRRSV and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia nor antibodies against Aujeszky’s disease virus, African swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus were detected. Here, an extended examination of these pigs was performed on a wide range of porcine viruses using highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Affected skin of five animals revealed the presence of porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 (PLHV-1) in all cases, PLHV-2 in one animal and PLHV-3 in four animals. However, neither porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) nor porcine circoviruses (PCV1, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4) were detected. In blood samples, PLHV-1 was present in two animals and PLHV-2, PCV2 and PCV3 in one individual, with PCMV, PCV1 and PCV4 in none of the animals. In one animal, four viruses were found in the blood (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, PCV2 and PCV3). A PRRSV viremia was also not detected. All animals carried porcine endogenous retrovirus C (PERV-C) in their genome, but recombinant PERV-A/C was not detected. The results suggest that porcine viruses may be involved in erythema multiforme in these animals and that further studies are needed to assess the role of these pathogens in the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:14:24Z |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:14:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c1517badbd242d197eea955acf3a7e42023-11-30T21:37:34ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-03-0110365210.3390/microorganisms10030652Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema MultiformeSabrina Halecker0Vasileios Papatsiros1Dimitra Psalla2Ludwig Krabben3Benedikt Kaufer4Joachim Denner5Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyClinic of Medicine (Porcine Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR 43100 Karditsa, GreeceLaboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceInstitute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyErythema multiforme in pigs is an acute, self-limiting disease characterized by red skin areas and often associated with anorexia, fever and respiratory problems. The cause of the disease remains unknown. In a recent study, animals of a commercial breeding herd in Greece were examined, and all animals were found seropositive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). However, neither PRRSV and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viremia nor antibodies against Aujeszky’s disease virus, African swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus were detected. Here, an extended examination of these pigs was performed on a wide range of porcine viruses using highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Affected skin of five animals revealed the presence of porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 (PLHV-1) in all cases, PLHV-2 in one animal and PLHV-3 in four animals. However, neither porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) nor porcine circoviruses (PCV1, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4) were detected. In blood samples, PLHV-1 was present in two animals and PLHV-2, PCV2 and PCV3 in one individual, with PCMV, PCV1 and PCV4 in none of the animals. In one animal, four viruses were found in the blood (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, PCV2 and PCV3). A PRRSV viremia was also not detected. All animals carried porcine endogenous retrovirus C (PERV-C) in their genome, but recombinant PERV-A/C was not detected. The results suggest that porcine viruses may be involved in erythema multiforme in these animals and that further studies are needed to assess the role of these pathogens in the disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/652porcine viruseserythema multiformeporcine endogenous retrovirusesporcine lymphotropic herpesvirusesporcine circovirusesporcine cytomegalovirus |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Halecker Vasileios Papatsiros Dimitra Psalla Ludwig Krabben Benedikt Kaufer Joachim Denner Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme Microorganisms porcine viruses erythema multiforme porcine endogenous retroviruses porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses porcine circoviruses porcine cytomegalovirus |
| title | Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme |
| title_full | Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme |
| title_fullStr | Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme |
| title_short | Virological Characterization of Pigs with Erythema Multiforme |
| title_sort | virological characterization of pigs with erythema multiforme |
| topic | porcine viruses erythema multiforme porcine endogenous retroviruses porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses porcine circoviruses porcine cytomegalovirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/652 |
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