| Summary: | The current work reports the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of <i>Urtica diocia</i> (UD) leaves as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized UD-AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UD-AgNPs were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and their size, shape, and distribution were recorded. The average size of an NP was 19.401 nm. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for 75 µL of UD-AgNPs against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) was 21 ± 0.4 mm more than that of the control drug Ciprofloxacin (16 ± 10 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was the lowest against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) (36 ± 3 µg/mL) and <i>Staphylococcus</i><i>epidermidis (S. epidermidis)</i> (38 ± 3 µg/mL). Moreover, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the lowest against <i>E.</i><i>coli</i> (75 ± 00 µg/mL) and <i>Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis</i> (83 ± 16 µg/mL). Thus, the UD-AgNPs synthesized using the ethyl acetate extract of UD can be used as a new antimicrobial drug.
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