Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis
Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Imm...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/323 |
| _version_ | 1797543007636946944 |
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| author | Ramesh Kumar Divya Mehta Nimisha Mishra Debasis Nayak Sujatha Sunil |
| author_facet | Ramesh Kumar Divya Mehta Nimisha Mishra Debasis Nayak Sujatha Sunil |
| author_sort | Ramesh Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: <i>Togaviridae</i>, <i>Flaviviridae</i>, <i>Retroviridae,</i> and <i>Coronaviridae</i> such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:38:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c1bd5e5ea5543578cedc3a663ef3b40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:38:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c1bd5e5ea5543578cedc3a663ef3b402023-11-21T03:11:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-0122132310.3390/ijms22010323Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus PathogenesisRamesh Kumar0Divya Mehta1Nimisha Mishra2Debasis Nayak3Sujatha Sunil4Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, IndiaVector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, IndiaVector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, IndiaDepartment of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, IndiaVector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, IndiaBeing opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: <i>Togaviridae</i>, <i>Flaviviridae</i>, <i>Retroviridae,</i> and <i>Coronaviridae</i> such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/323RNA virusespost-translation modificationpathogenesisubiquitinationacetylationglycosylation |
| spellingShingle | Ramesh Kumar Divya Mehta Nimisha Mishra Debasis Nayak Sujatha Sunil Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences RNA viruses post-translation modification pathogenesis ubiquitination acetylation glycosylation |
| title | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
| title_full | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
| title_short | Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis |
| title_sort | role of host mediated post translational modifications ptms in rna virus pathogenesis |
| topic | RNA viruses post-translation modification pathogenesis ubiquitination acetylation glycosylation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/323 |
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