Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields
Barley, oats, or spelt consumed as minimally processed whole grains provide several health benefits, especially when grown under organic field management conditions. Therefore, the effects of organic and conventional farming on the compositional traits (protein, fibre, fat, and ash) of barley, oat,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/5/1054 |
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| author | Lovro Sinkovič Marianna Rakszegi Barbara Pipan Vladimir Meglič |
| author_facet | Lovro Sinkovič Marianna Rakszegi Barbara Pipan Vladimir Meglič |
| author_sort | Lovro Sinkovič |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barley, oats, or spelt consumed as minimally processed whole grains provide several health benefits, especially when grown under organic field management conditions. Therefore, the effects of organic and conventional farming on the compositional traits (protein, fibre, fat, and ash) of barley, oat, and spelt grains and groats were compared using three winter barley varieties (‘Anemone’, ‘BC Favorit’, and ‘Sandra’), two spring oat varieties (‘Max’ and ‘Noni’), and three spelt varieties (‘Ebners Rotkorn’, ‘Murska bela’, and ‘Ostro’). Groats were produced from harvested grains by a combination of threshing, winnowing, and brushing/polishing. Multitrait analysis showed significant differences between species, field management practices, and fractions, with clear compositional differences between organic and conventional spelt. Barley and oat groats had a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and β-glucan, but lower crude fibre, fat, and ash contents than the grains. The composition of the grains of the different species differed significantly for more traits (TKW, fibre, fat, ash, and β-glucan) than that of the groats (TKW and fat), while field management only affected the fibre content of the groats and the TKW, ash, and β-glucan contents of the grains. The TKW, protein, and fat contents of the different species differed significantly under both conventional and organic growing conditions, while the TKW and fibre contents of grains and groats differed under both systems. The caloric value of the final products of barley, oats, and spelt groats ranged from 334–358 kcal/100 g. This information will be useful for not only the processing industry, but also for breeders and farmers, and last, but not least, for consumers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:24:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c367ef5ea4440bf8182bf7f1dc45e21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:24:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c367ef5ea4440bf8182bf7f1dc45e212023-11-17T07:41:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-03-01125105410.3390/foods12051054Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional FieldsLovro Sinkovič0Marianna Rakszegi1Barbara Pipan2Vladimir Meglič3Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaCereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, HungaryCrop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaCrop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBarley, oats, or spelt consumed as minimally processed whole grains provide several health benefits, especially when grown under organic field management conditions. Therefore, the effects of organic and conventional farming on the compositional traits (protein, fibre, fat, and ash) of barley, oat, and spelt grains and groats were compared using three winter barley varieties (‘Anemone’, ‘BC Favorit’, and ‘Sandra’), two spring oat varieties (‘Max’ and ‘Noni’), and three spelt varieties (‘Ebners Rotkorn’, ‘Murska bela’, and ‘Ostro’). Groats were produced from harvested grains by a combination of threshing, winnowing, and brushing/polishing. Multitrait analysis showed significant differences between species, field management practices, and fractions, with clear compositional differences between organic and conventional spelt. Barley and oat groats had a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and β-glucan, but lower crude fibre, fat, and ash contents than the grains. The composition of the grains of the different species differed significantly for more traits (TKW, fibre, fat, ash, and β-glucan) than that of the groats (TKW and fat), while field management only affected the fibre content of the groats and the TKW, ash, and β-glucan contents of the grains. The TKW, protein, and fat contents of the different species differed significantly under both conventional and organic growing conditions, while the TKW and fibre contents of grains and groats differed under both systems. The caloric value of the final products of barley, oats, and spelt groats ranged from 334–358 kcal/100 g. This information will be useful for not only the processing industry, but also for breeders and farmers, and last, but not least, for consumers.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/5/1054barleyβ-glucancaloric valuefarming systemgroatshulling |
| spellingShingle | Lovro Sinkovič Marianna Rakszegi Barbara Pipan Vladimir Meglič Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields Foods barley β-glucan caloric value farming system groats hulling |
| title | Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields |
| title_full | Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields |
| title_fullStr | Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields |
| title_short | Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields |
| title_sort | compositional traits of grains and groats of barley oat and spelt grown at organic and conventional fields |
| topic | barley β-glucan caloric value farming system groats hulling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/5/1054 |
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