Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study
Purpose – Adolescents being in a stage of growth need good sleep, but, today, they suffer from sleep deprivation due to such extrinsic factor as a smartphone which they enjoy spending time using the device. However, the effects of smartphone output power (SOP) on the duration of good sleep remains u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-05-2019-0104/full/pdf?title=sleep-loss-among-thai-high-school-students-smartphone-users-affected-by-smartphone-electromagnetic-pollution-time-series-study |
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| author | Wanna Chongchitpaisan Phongtape Wiwatanadate Assawin Narkpongphun Surat Tanprawate Nipapon Siripon |
| author_facet | Wanna Chongchitpaisan Phongtape Wiwatanadate Assawin Narkpongphun Surat Tanprawate Nipapon Siripon |
| author_sort | Wanna Chongchitpaisan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose – Adolescents being in a stage of growth need good sleep, but, today, they suffer from sleep deprivation due to such extrinsic factor as a smartphone which they enjoy spending time using the device. However, the effects of smartphone output power (SOP) on the duration of good sleep remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation of the SOP and sleep loss in high school students. Design/methodology/approach – The time-series study was conducted among 145 high school students in Chiang Mai Province who completed a sleep diary which applied by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. The SOP was corrected by a smartphone application and transmitted by e-mail to a researcher every day. The completed data set contains 12,969 entries. Headache, anxiety and depression were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation adjusted for demographic data, smartphone use and other factors. Findings – Most of the study subjects are female, 17.4 years old on average. The prevalence of sleep loss (<8 h) was 52.9 percent with averagely 7.4 ±1.7 h of sleep duration and poor sleep at 32.1 percent. Anxiety, depression, headache had relationships with sleep loss. The daily dose, evening and nocturnal SOP in the range of ≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW had stronger relationships with sleep loss than their effects in the range of ≤ 1.79 × 10‒5 mW (ORadj1.32; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76, ORadj1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17 and ORadj1.41; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17, respectively). Meanwhile, morning Lag_2 and daytime Lag_1 in the range of ≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW appeared to have a strong relationship with sleep loss (ORadj1.60; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76, ORadj1.36; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17). The relationship between Lag_4 daily dose and sleep loss took the form of a reverse dose-response. Originality/value – Sleep loss in adolescents has an increasing trend of prevalence and has been found to be correlated with the highest SOP group (≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW range). These results confirmed that increased and longer smartphone use result in reduced sleep time. This causes them to be exposed to smartphone electromagnetic radiation and smartphone screen lighting. This disturbs brain waves and nervous system controlling sleep balance mechanisms. The findings recommended parents setting time and boundaries around technology use at home to reduce contact with electromagnetic radiation and smartphone screen lighting, thereby increasing sleeping time in order to create good sleep quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:11:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c42e494a526490ea24982ed3bc0682b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0857-4421 2586-940X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:11:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c42e494a526490ea24982ed3bc0682b2023-02-02T10:51:10ZengCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityJournal of Health Research0857-44212586-940X2020-08-0134431732710.1108/JHR-05-2019-0104638693Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series studyWanna Chongchitpaisan0Phongtape Wiwatanadate1Assawin Narkpongphun2Surat Tanprawate3Nipapon Siripon4Department of Community Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Community Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandPurpose – Adolescents being in a stage of growth need good sleep, but, today, they suffer from sleep deprivation due to such extrinsic factor as a smartphone which they enjoy spending time using the device. However, the effects of smartphone output power (SOP) on the duration of good sleep remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation of the SOP and sleep loss in high school students. Design/methodology/approach – The time-series study was conducted among 145 high school students in Chiang Mai Province who completed a sleep diary which applied by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. The SOP was corrected by a smartphone application and transmitted by e-mail to a researcher every day. The completed data set contains 12,969 entries. Headache, anxiety and depression were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation adjusted for demographic data, smartphone use and other factors. Findings – Most of the study subjects are female, 17.4 years old on average. The prevalence of sleep loss (<8 h) was 52.9 percent with averagely 7.4 ±1.7 h of sleep duration and poor sleep at 32.1 percent. Anxiety, depression, headache had relationships with sleep loss. The daily dose, evening and nocturnal SOP in the range of ≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW had stronger relationships with sleep loss than their effects in the range of ≤ 1.79 × 10‒5 mW (ORadj1.32; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76, ORadj1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17 and ORadj1.41; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17, respectively). Meanwhile, morning Lag_2 and daytime Lag_1 in the range of ≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW appeared to have a strong relationship with sleep loss (ORadj1.60; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76, ORadj1.36; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17). The relationship between Lag_4 daily dose and sleep loss took the form of a reverse dose-response. Originality/value – Sleep loss in adolescents has an increasing trend of prevalence and has been found to be correlated with the highest SOP group (≥ 2.00 × 10‒5 mW range). These results confirmed that increased and longer smartphone use result in reduced sleep time. This causes them to be exposed to smartphone electromagnetic radiation and smartphone screen lighting. This disturbs brain waves and nervous system controlling sleep balance mechanisms. The findings recommended parents setting time and boundaries around technology use at home to reduce contact with electromagnetic radiation and smartphone screen lighting, thereby increasing sleeping time in order to create good sleep quality.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-05-2019-0104/full/pdf?title=sleep-loss-among-thai-high-school-students-smartphone-users-affected-by-smartphone-electromagnetic-pollution-time-series-studysmartphoneelectromagnetic radiationhigh school studentssleep loss |
| spellingShingle | Wanna Chongchitpaisan Phongtape Wiwatanadate Assawin Narkpongphun Surat Tanprawate Nipapon Siripon Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study Journal of Health Research smartphone electromagnetic radiation high school students sleep loss |
| title | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study |
| title_full | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study |
| title_fullStr | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study |
| title_short | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study |
| title_sort | sleep loss among thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution time series study |
| topic | smartphone electromagnetic radiation high school students sleep loss |
| url | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-05-2019-0104/full/pdf?title=sleep-loss-among-thai-high-school-students-smartphone-users-affected-by-smartphone-electromagnetic-pollution-time-series-study |
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