Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage
The explosive compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is well known as a major component of munitions. In addition to its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in humans, recent reports have highlighted TNT toxicities in diverse organisms due to its occurrence in the environment. These toxic effec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Redox Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231724000582 |
| _version_ | 1827309815322378240 |
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| author | Amma Gyapomah Adomako-Bonsu Jana Jacobsen Edmund Maser |
| author_facet | Amma Gyapomah Adomako-Bonsu Jana Jacobsen Edmund Maser |
| author_sort | Amma Gyapomah Adomako-Bonsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The explosive compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is well known as a major component of munitions. In addition to its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in humans, recent reports have highlighted TNT toxicities in diverse organisms due to its occurrence in the environment. These toxic effects have been linked to the intracellular metabolism of TNT, which is generally characterised by redox cycling and the generation of noxious reactive molecules. The reactive intermediates formed, such as nitroso and hydroxylamine compounds, also interact with oxygen molecules and cellular components to cause macromolecular damage and oxidative stress. The current review aims to highlight the crucial role of TNT metabolism in mediating TNT toxicity, via increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Cellular proliferation of reactive species results in depletion of cellular antioxidant enzymes, DNA and protein adduct formation, and oxidative stress. While TNT toxicity is well known, its ability to induce oxidative stress, resulting from its reductive activation, suggests that some of its toxic effects may be caused by its reactive metabolites. Hence, further research on TNT metabolism is imperative to elucidate TNT-induced toxicities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:48:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c56c74b9f3e4c87a3188d8160c59c87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2213-2317 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:48:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Redox Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c56c74b9f3e4c87a3188d8160c59c872024-03-25T04:17:32ZengElsevierRedox Biology2213-23172024-06-0172103082Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damageAmma Gyapomah Adomako-Bonsu0Jana Jacobsen1Edmund Maser2Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, GermanyCorresponding author. Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.; Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, GermanyThe explosive compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is well known as a major component of munitions. In addition to its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in humans, recent reports have highlighted TNT toxicities in diverse organisms due to its occurrence in the environment. These toxic effects have been linked to the intracellular metabolism of TNT, which is generally characterised by redox cycling and the generation of noxious reactive molecules. The reactive intermediates formed, such as nitroso and hydroxylamine compounds, also interact with oxygen molecules and cellular components to cause macromolecular damage and oxidative stress. The current review aims to highlight the crucial role of TNT metabolism in mediating TNT toxicity, via increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Cellular proliferation of reactive species results in depletion of cellular antioxidant enzymes, DNA and protein adduct formation, and oxidative stress. While TNT toxicity is well known, its ability to induce oxidative stress, resulting from its reductive activation, suggests that some of its toxic effects may be caused by its reactive metabolites. Hence, further research on TNT metabolism is imperative to elucidate TNT-induced toxicities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231724000582Submerged munitions2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity and carcinogenicityMetabolic activationMarine ecotoxicityHuman toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Amma Gyapomah Adomako-Bonsu Jana Jacobsen Edmund Maser Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage Redox Biology Submerged munitions 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity and carcinogenicity Metabolic activation Marine ecotoxicity Human toxicity |
| title | Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage |
| title_full | Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage |
| title_short | Metabolic activation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; a case for ROS-induced cell damage |
| title_sort | metabolic activation of 2 4 6 trinitrotoluene a case for ros induced cell damage |
| topic | Submerged munitions 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity and carcinogenicity Metabolic activation Marine ecotoxicity Human toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231724000582 |
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