Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies from developed countries have reported on host-related risk factors for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, similar studies from high-burden countries like Nepal are lacking. Therefore, we carried out this study to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2008-01-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/8 |
| _version_ | 1818492615137427456 |
|---|---|
| author | Verma Sharat C Panduru Kishore V Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T Joshi Hari S Bates Michael N |
| author_facet | Verma Sharat C Panduru Kishore V Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T Joshi Hari S Bates Michael N |
| author_sort | Verma Sharat C |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies from developed countries have reported on host-related risk factors for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, similar studies from high-burden countries like Nepal are lacking. Therefore, we carried out this study to compare demographic, life-style and clinical characteristics between EPTB and PTB patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective analysis was carried out on 474 Tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. Characteristics of demography, life-style and clinical features were obtained from medical case records. Risk factors for being an EPTB patient relative to a PTB patient were identified using logistic regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age distribution of the TB patients had a bimodal distribution. The male to female ratio for PTB was 2.29. EPTB was more common at younger ages (< 25 years) and in females. Common sites for EPTB were lymph nodes (42.6%) and peritoneum and/or intestines (14.8%). By logistic regression analysis, age less than 25 years (OR 2.11 95% CI 1.12–3.68) and female gender (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.12–2.56) were associated with EPTB. Smoking, use of immunosuppressive drugs/steroids, diabetes and past history of TB were more likely to be associated with PTB.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results suggest that younger age and female gender may be independent risk factors for EPTB in a high-burden country like Nepal. TB control programmes may target young and female populations for EPTB case-finding. Further studies are necessary in other high-burden countries to confirm our findings.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:45:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c62cab0d67d4f64ad272a815fef6385 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:45:27Z |
| publishDate | 2008-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c62cab0d67d4f64ad272a815fef63852022-12-22T01:39:15ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342008-01-0181810.1186/1471-2334-8-8Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective studyVerma Sharat CPanduru Kishore VSreeramareddy Chandrashekhar TJoshi Hari SBates Michael N<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies from developed countries have reported on host-related risk factors for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, similar studies from high-burden countries like Nepal are lacking. Therefore, we carried out this study to compare demographic, life-style and clinical characteristics between EPTB and PTB patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective analysis was carried out on 474 Tuberculosis (TB) patients diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal. Characteristics of demography, life-style and clinical features were obtained from medical case records. Risk factors for being an EPTB patient relative to a PTB patient were identified using logistic regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age distribution of the TB patients had a bimodal distribution. The male to female ratio for PTB was 2.29. EPTB was more common at younger ages (< 25 years) and in females. Common sites for EPTB were lymph nodes (42.6%) and peritoneum and/or intestines (14.8%). By logistic regression analysis, age less than 25 years (OR 2.11 95% CI 1.12–3.68) and female gender (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.12–2.56) were associated with EPTB. Smoking, use of immunosuppressive drugs/steroids, diabetes and past history of TB were more likely to be associated with PTB.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results suggest that younger age and female gender may be independent risk factors for EPTB in a high-burden country like Nepal. TB control programmes may target young and female populations for EPTB case-finding. Further studies are necessary in other high-burden countries to confirm our findings.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/8 |
| spellingShingle | Verma Sharat C Panduru Kishore V Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T Joshi Hari S Bates Michael N Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study BMC Infectious Diseases |
| title | Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study |
| title_full | Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study |
| title_short | Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study |
| title_sort | comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in nepal a hospital based retrospective study |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vermasharatc comparisonofpulmonaryandextrapulmonarytuberculosisinnepalahospitalbasedretrospectivestudy AT pandurukishorev comparisonofpulmonaryandextrapulmonarytuberculosisinnepalahospitalbasedretrospectivestudy AT sreeramareddychandrashekhart comparisonofpulmonaryandextrapulmonarytuberculosisinnepalahospitalbasedretrospectivestudy AT joshiharis comparisonofpulmonaryandextrapulmonarytuberculosisinnepalahospitalbasedretrospectivestudy AT batesmichaeln comparisonofpulmonaryandextrapulmonarytuberculosisinnepalahospitalbasedretrospectivestudy |