Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk

Abstract The optical characteristics of three types of black holes (BHs) surrounded by a thin accretion disk are discussed, namely the Schwarzschild BH, Bardeen BH, and Hayward BH. We calculate the deflection angle of light as it traverses the vicinity of each BH using numerical integration and semi...

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Main Authors: Sen Guo, Yu-Xiang Huang, Yu-Hao Cui, Yan Han, Qing-Quan Jiang, En-Wei Liang, Kai Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2023-11-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12208-0
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author Sen Guo
Yu-Xiang Huang
Yu-Hao Cui
Yan Han
Qing-Quan Jiang
En-Wei Liang
Kai Lin
author_facet Sen Guo
Yu-Xiang Huang
Yu-Hao Cui
Yan Han
Qing-Quan Jiang
En-Wei Liang
Kai Lin
author_sort Sen Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The optical characteristics of three types of black holes (BHs) surrounded by a thin accretion disk are discussed, namely the Schwarzschild BH, Bardeen BH, and Hayward BH. We calculate the deflection angle of light as it traverses the vicinity of each BH using numerical integration and semi-analytical methods, revealing that both approaches can effectively elucidate the deflection of light around the BH. We investigate the optical appearance of the accretion disk and its corresponding observational images at various viewing angles, discovering that the luminosity in the region near the BH on the inner side of the accretion disk is higher than that on the outer side owing to higher material density in closer proximity to the BH. We observe a significant accumulation of brightness on the left side of the accretion disk, attributed to the motion of matter and geometric effects. Our findings emphasize the significant influence of the observation inclination angle on the observed outcomes. An increase in the observation inclination angle results in the separation of higher-order images. With the improvement in EHT observation accuracy, we believe that the feature of a minimal distance between the innermost region of the direct image of the Hayward BH and the outermost region of the secondary image can be used as an indicator for identifying Hayward BHs.
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spelling doaj.art-3c6e3fe2e0f747c9b90dfb2e325bf1a22024-03-31T11:30:09ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522023-11-01831111910.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12208-0Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion diskSen Guo0Yu-Xiang Huang1Yu-Hao Cui2Yan Han3Qing-Quan Jiang4En-Wei Liang5Kai Lin6Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversitySchool of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal UniversityHubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of GeosciencesCollege of Mathematics and Information, China West Normal UniversitySchool of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityHubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of GeosciencesAbstract The optical characteristics of three types of black holes (BHs) surrounded by a thin accretion disk are discussed, namely the Schwarzschild BH, Bardeen BH, and Hayward BH. We calculate the deflection angle of light as it traverses the vicinity of each BH using numerical integration and semi-analytical methods, revealing that both approaches can effectively elucidate the deflection of light around the BH. We investigate the optical appearance of the accretion disk and its corresponding observational images at various viewing angles, discovering that the luminosity in the region near the BH on the inner side of the accretion disk is higher than that on the outer side owing to higher material density in closer proximity to the BH. We observe a significant accumulation of brightness on the left side of the accretion disk, attributed to the motion of matter and geometric effects. Our findings emphasize the significant influence of the observation inclination angle on the observed outcomes. An increase in the observation inclination angle results in the separation of higher-order images. With the improvement in EHT observation accuracy, we believe that the feature of a minimal distance between the innermost region of the direct image of the Hayward BH and the outermost region of the secondary image can be used as an indicator for identifying Hayward BHs.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12208-0
spellingShingle Sen Guo
Yu-Xiang Huang
Yu-Hao Cui
Yan Han
Qing-Quan Jiang
En-Wei Liang
Kai Lin
Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
title_full Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
title_fullStr Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
title_short Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
title_sort unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12208-0
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