<i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription
As a typical climacteric fruit, tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is widely used for studying the ripening process. The negative regulation of tomato fruits by transcription factor <i>SlNAC1</i> has been reported, but its regulatory network was unclear. In the present stud...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1873 |
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| author | Chen Sun Gaifang Yao Jinghan Zhao Ruying Chen Kangdi Hu Guanghua He Hua Zhang |
| author_facet | Chen Sun Gaifang Yao Jinghan Zhao Ruying Chen Kangdi Hu Guanghua He Hua Zhang |
| author_sort | Chen Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a typical climacteric fruit, tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is widely used for studying the ripening process. The negative regulation of tomato fruits by transcription factor <i>SlNAC1</i> has been reported, but its regulatory network was unclear. In the present study, we screened a transcription factor, <i>SlERF109-like</i>, and found it had a stronger relationship with <i>SlNAC1</i> at the early stage of tomato fruit development through the use of transcriptome data, RT-qPCR, and correlation analysis. We inferred that SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that co-regulates the tomato fruit ripening process. Results of transient silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression showed that <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> could regulate chlorophyll degradation-related genes (<i>NYC1</i>, <i>PAO</i>, <i>PPH</i>, <i>SGR1</i>), carotenoids accumulation-related genes (<i>PSY1</i>, <i>PDS</i>, <i>ZDS</i>), ETH-related genes (<i>ACO1</i>, <i>E4</i>, <i>E8</i>), and cell wall metabolism-related genes expression levels (<i>CEL2</i>, <i>EXP</i>, <i>PG</i>, <i>TBG4</i>, <i>XTH5</i>) to inhibit tomato fruit ripening. A dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) showed that SlNAC1 could bind to the <i>SlACO1</i> promoter, but SlERF109-like could not. Furthermore, SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to increase the transcription for <i>ACO1</i> by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, a luciferase complementation assay, and a dual-luciferase reporter. A correlation analysis showed that <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> were positively correlated with chlorophyll contents, and negatively correlated with carotenoid content and ripening-related genes. Thus, we provide a model in which SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that negatively regulates the tomato ripening process by inhibiting <i>SlACO1</i> expression. Our study provided a new regulatory network of tomato fruit ripening and effectively reduced the waste of resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:28Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:28Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3c705ff8af2346fcbf1a7f50a89a9d242024-02-09T15:14:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01253187310.3390/ijms25031873<i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> TranscriptionChen Sun0Gaifang Yao1Jinghan Zhao2Ruying Chen3Kangdi Hu4Guanghua He5Hua Zhang6School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaAs a typical climacteric fruit, tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is widely used for studying the ripening process. The negative regulation of tomato fruits by transcription factor <i>SlNAC1</i> has been reported, but its regulatory network was unclear. In the present study, we screened a transcription factor, <i>SlERF109-like</i>, and found it had a stronger relationship with <i>SlNAC1</i> at the early stage of tomato fruit development through the use of transcriptome data, RT-qPCR, and correlation analysis. We inferred that SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that co-regulates the tomato fruit ripening process. Results of transient silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression showed that <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> could regulate chlorophyll degradation-related genes (<i>NYC1</i>, <i>PAO</i>, <i>PPH</i>, <i>SGR1</i>), carotenoids accumulation-related genes (<i>PSY1</i>, <i>PDS</i>, <i>ZDS</i>), ETH-related genes (<i>ACO1</i>, <i>E4</i>, <i>E8</i>), and cell wall metabolism-related genes expression levels (<i>CEL2</i>, <i>EXP</i>, <i>PG</i>, <i>TBG4</i>, <i>XTH5</i>) to inhibit tomato fruit ripening. A dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) showed that SlNAC1 could bind to the <i>SlACO1</i> promoter, but SlERF109-like could not. Furthermore, SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to increase the transcription for <i>ACO1</i> by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, a luciferase complementation assay, and a dual-luciferase reporter. A correlation analysis showed that <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> were positively correlated with chlorophyll contents, and negatively correlated with carotenoid content and ripening-related genes. Thus, we provide a model in which SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that negatively regulates the tomato ripening process by inhibiting <i>SlACO1</i> expression. Our study provided a new regulatory network of tomato fruit ripening and effectively reduced the waste of resources.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1873fruit ripeningregulatory complex<i>SlACO1</i>SlERF109-like-SlNAC1tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) |
| spellingShingle | Chen Sun Gaifang Yao Jinghan Zhao Ruying Chen Kangdi Hu Guanghua He Hua Zhang <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription International Journal of Molecular Sciences fruit ripening regulatory complex <i>SlACO1</i> SlERF109-like-SlNAC1 tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) |
| title | <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription |
| title_full | <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription |
| title_fullStr | <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription |
| title_short | <i>SlERF109-like</i> and <i>SlNAC1</i> Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting <i>ACO1</i> Transcription |
| title_sort | i slerf109 like i and i slnac1 i coordinately regulated tomato ripening by inhibiting i aco1 i transcription |
| topic | fruit ripening regulatory complex <i>SlACO1</i> SlERF109-like-SlNAC1 tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1873 |
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