Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis
COVID-19 is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Risk factors contributing to the development of severe disease include old age and the presence of comorbidities. However, the genetic background of the host has also been recognized as an important determinant of dise...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1784 |
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| author | Evangelos Bakaros Ioanna Voulgaridi Vassiliki Paliatsa Nikolaos Gatselis Georgios Germanidis Evangelia Asvestopoulou Stamatia Alexiou Elli Botsfari Vasiliki Lygoura Olga Tsachouridou Iordanis Mimtsoudis Maria Tseroni Styliani Sarrou Varvara A. Mouchtouri Katerina Dadouli Fani Kalala Simeon Metallidis George Dalekos Christos Hadjichristodoulou Matthaios Speletas |
| author_facet | Evangelos Bakaros Ioanna Voulgaridi Vassiliki Paliatsa Nikolaos Gatselis Georgios Germanidis Evangelia Asvestopoulou Stamatia Alexiou Elli Botsfari Vasiliki Lygoura Olga Tsachouridou Iordanis Mimtsoudis Maria Tseroni Styliani Sarrou Varvara A. Mouchtouri Katerina Dadouli Fani Kalala Simeon Metallidis George Dalekos Christos Hadjichristodoulou Matthaios Speletas |
| author_sort | Evangelos Bakaros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Risk factors contributing to the development of severe disease include old age and the presence of comorbidities. However, the genetic background of the host has also been recognized as an important determinant of disease prognosis. Considering the pivotal role of innate immunity in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed the possible contribution of several innate immune gene polymorphisms (including <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708, <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986790, <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791, <i>CD14</i>-rs2569190, <i>CARD8</i>-rs1834481, <i>IL18</i>-rs2043211, and <i>CD40</i>-rs1883832) in disease severity and prognosis. A total of 249 individuals were enrolled and further divided into five (5) groups, according to the clinical progression scale provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical). We identified that elderly patients with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus were more susceptible to developing pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the <i>IL18</i>-rs1834481 polymorphism was an independent risk factor for developing pneumonia. Moreover, individuals carrying either the <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708 or the <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791 polymorphisms exhibited a 3.6- and 2.5-fold increased probability for developing pneumonia and a more severe disease, respectively. Our data support the notion that the host’s genetic background can significantly affect COVID-19 clinical phenotype, also suggesting that the <i>IL18</i>-rs1834481, <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708, and <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791 polymorphisms may be used as molecular predictors of COVID-19 clinical phenotype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:52:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c787a4b573c4afa975b5307ece90bc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:52:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c787a4b573c4afa975b5307ece90bc72023-11-19T13:21:35ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-08-01159178410.3390/v15091784Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 PrognosisEvangelos Bakaros0Ioanna Voulgaridi1Vassiliki Paliatsa2Nikolaos Gatselis3Georgios Germanidis4Evangelia Asvestopoulou5Stamatia Alexiou6Elli Botsfari7Vasiliki Lygoura8Olga Tsachouridou9Iordanis Mimtsoudis10Maria Tseroni11Styliani Sarrou12Varvara A. Mouchtouri13Katerina Dadouli14Fani Kalala15Simeon Metallidis16George Dalekos17Christos Hadjichristodoulou18Matthaios Speletas19Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Full Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, GreeceFirst Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Full Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, GreeceFirst Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceFirst Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceNational Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceFirst Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Full Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, GreeceCOVID-19 is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and prognosis. Risk factors contributing to the development of severe disease include old age and the presence of comorbidities. However, the genetic background of the host has also been recognized as an important determinant of disease prognosis. Considering the pivotal role of innate immunity in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed the possible contribution of several innate immune gene polymorphisms (including <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708, <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986790, <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791, <i>CD14</i>-rs2569190, <i>CARD8</i>-rs1834481, <i>IL18</i>-rs2043211, and <i>CD40</i>-rs1883832) in disease severity and prognosis. A total of 249 individuals were enrolled and further divided into five (5) groups, according to the clinical progression scale provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical). We identified that elderly patients with obesity and/or diabetes mellitus were more susceptible to developing pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the <i>IL18</i>-rs1834481 polymorphism was an independent risk factor for developing pneumonia. Moreover, individuals carrying either the <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708 or the <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791 polymorphisms exhibited a 3.6- and 2.5-fold increased probability for developing pneumonia and a more severe disease, respectively. Our data support the notion that the host’s genetic background can significantly affect COVID-19 clinical phenotype, also suggesting that the <i>IL18</i>-rs1834481, <i>TLR2</i>-rs5743708, and <i>TLR4</i>-rs4986791 polymorphisms may be used as molecular predictors of COVID-19 clinical phenotype.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1784COVID-19IL18TLR2TLR4CD14CD40 |
| spellingShingle | Evangelos Bakaros Ioanna Voulgaridi Vassiliki Paliatsa Nikolaos Gatselis Georgios Germanidis Evangelia Asvestopoulou Stamatia Alexiou Elli Botsfari Vasiliki Lygoura Olga Tsachouridou Iordanis Mimtsoudis Maria Tseroni Styliani Sarrou Varvara A. Mouchtouri Katerina Dadouli Fani Kalala Simeon Metallidis George Dalekos Christos Hadjichristodoulou Matthaios Speletas Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis Viruses COVID-19 IL18 TLR2 TLR4 CD14 CD40 |
| title | Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_full | Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_fullStr | Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_short | Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis |
| title_sort | innate immune gene polymorphisms and covid 19 prognosis |
| topic | COVID-19 IL18 TLR2 TLR4 CD14 CD40 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1784 |
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