Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications
The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Herein, three tetrathiofulvalene (TTF) derivatives with different substitution groups, namely TTF diethyl ester (TTFDE), TTF tetramethyl ester (TTFTM), and TT...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-05-01
|
| Series: | Green Energy & Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468025722001492 |
| _version_ | 1797237955852500992 |
|---|---|
| author | Weikang Hu Jiaqi Xu Nanjie Chen Zongcai Deng Yuekun Lai Dongyang Chen |
| author_facet | Weikang Hu Jiaqi Xu Nanjie Chen Zongcai Deng Yuekun Lai Dongyang Chen |
| author_sort | Weikang Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Herein, three tetrathiofulvalene (TTF) derivatives with different substitution groups, namely TTF diethyl ester (TTFDE), TTF tetramethyl ester (TTFTM), and TTF tetraethyl ester (TTFTE), are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated. It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups. The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L−1 of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L−1 at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs. Li/Li+. Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L−1 to 3.60 Ah L−1 after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species. The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons, as revealed by the density function theory calculations. Therefore, the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:27:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c850460cde04665a6a1c78dffc1d5aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-0257 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:27:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Energy & Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c850460cde04665a6a1c78dffc1d5aa2024-03-28T06:38:30ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Green Energy & Environment2468-02572024-05-0195899908Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applicationsWeikang Hu0Jiaqi Xu1Nanjie Chen2Zongcai Deng3Yuekun Lai4Dongyang Chen5College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, ChinaCollege of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China; Corresponding author.The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Herein, three tetrathiofulvalene (TTF) derivatives with different substitution groups, namely TTF diethyl ester (TTFDE), TTF tetramethyl ester (TTFTM), and TTF tetraethyl ester (TTFTE), are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated. It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups. The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L−1 of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L−1 at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs. Li/Li+. Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L−1 to 3.60 Ah L−1 after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species. The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons, as revealed by the density function theory calculations. Therefore, the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468025722001492Non-aqueous redox flow batteriesTetrathiofulvareneRedox potentialSolubilitySubstituent effect |
| spellingShingle | Weikang Hu Jiaqi Xu Nanjie Chen Zongcai Deng Yuekun Lai Dongyang Chen Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications Green Energy & Environment Non-aqueous redox flow batteries Tetrathiofulvarene Redox potential Solubility Substituent effect |
| title | Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| title_full | Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| title_fullStr | Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| title_short | Tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non-aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| title_sort | tetrathiafulvalene esters with high redox potentials and improved solubilities for non aqueous redox flow battery applications |
| topic | Non-aqueous redox flow batteries Tetrathiofulvarene Redox potential Solubility Substituent effect |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468025722001492 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weikanghu tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications AT jiaqixu tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications AT nanjiechen tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications AT zongcaideng tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications AT yuekunlai tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications AT dongyangchen tetrathiafulvaleneesterswithhighredoxpotentialsandimprovedsolubilitiesfornonaqueousredoxflowbatteryapplications |