Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Background: The effects of glucose, fructose and a combination of these on physical performance have been subject of investigation, resulting in diverse findings. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how an individualized amount of glucose, fructose, and a combination of these compare...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5128 |
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| author | Max L. Eckstein Maximilian P. Erlmann Felix Aberer Sandra Haupt Paul Zimmermann Nadine B. Wachsmuth Janis Schierbauer Rebecca T. Zimmer Daniel Herz Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Othmar Moser |
| author_facet | Max L. Eckstein Maximilian P. Erlmann Felix Aberer Sandra Haupt Paul Zimmermann Nadine B. Wachsmuth Janis Schierbauer Rebecca T. Zimmer Daniel Herz Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Othmar Moser |
| author_sort | Max L. Eckstein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The effects of glucose, fructose and a combination of these on physical performance have been subject of investigation, resulting in diverse findings. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how an individualized amount of glucose, fructose, and a combination of these compared to placebo (sucralose) alter endurance performance on a cycle ergometer, lower and upper body resistance exercise performance at individualized thresholds in healthy young individuals. Methods: A total of 16 healthy adults (9 females) with an age of 23.8 ± 1.6 years and a BMI of 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (body mass (BM) 70.9 ± 10.8 kg, height 1.76 ± 0.08 m) participated in this study. During the screening visit, the lactate turn point 2 (LTP2) was defined and the weights for chest-press and leg-press were determined. Furthermore, 30 min prior to each exercise session, participants received either 1 g/kg BM of glucose (Glu), 1 g/kg BM of fructose (Fru), 0.5 g/kg BM of glucose/fructose (GluFru) (each), or 0.2 g sucralose (placebo), respectively, which were dissolved in 300 mL of water. All exercises were performed until volitional exhaustion. Time until exhaustion (TTE) and cardio-pulmonary variables were determined for all cycling visits; during resistance exercise, repetitions until muscular failure were counted and time was measured. During all visits, capillary blood glucose and blood lactate concentrations as well as venous insulin levels were measured. Results: TTE in cycling was 449 ± 163 s (s) (Glu), 443 ± 156 s (Fru), 429 ± 160 s (GluFru) and 466 ± 162 s (Pla) (<i>p</i> = 0.48). TTE during chest-press sessions was 180 ± 95 s (Glu), 180 ± 92 s (Fru), 172 ± 78 s (GluFru) and 162 ± 66 s (Pla) (<i>p</i> = 0.25), respectively. Conclusions: Pre-exercise supplementation of Glu, Fru and a combination of these did not have an ergogenic effect on high-intensity anaerobic endurance performance and on upper and lower body moderate resistance exercise in comparison to placebo. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3c89dd554ec4495c971a4f0c70c2a9912023-11-24T11:52:37ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-12-011423512810.3390/nu14235128Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover TrialMax L. Eckstein0Maximilian P. Erlmann1Felix Aberer2Sandra Haupt3Paul Zimmermann4Nadine B. Wachsmuth5Janis Schierbauer6Rebecca T. Zimmer7Daniel Herz8Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch9Othmar Moser10BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrinology Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, AustriaBaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, GermanyBackground: The effects of glucose, fructose and a combination of these on physical performance have been subject of investigation, resulting in diverse findings. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how an individualized amount of glucose, fructose, and a combination of these compared to placebo (sucralose) alter endurance performance on a cycle ergometer, lower and upper body resistance exercise performance at individualized thresholds in healthy young individuals. Methods: A total of 16 healthy adults (9 females) with an age of 23.8 ± 1.6 years and a BMI of 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (body mass (BM) 70.9 ± 10.8 kg, height 1.76 ± 0.08 m) participated in this study. During the screening visit, the lactate turn point 2 (LTP2) was defined and the weights for chest-press and leg-press were determined. Furthermore, 30 min prior to each exercise session, participants received either 1 g/kg BM of glucose (Glu), 1 g/kg BM of fructose (Fru), 0.5 g/kg BM of glucose/fructose (GluFru) (each), or 0.2 g sucralose (placebo), respectively, which were dissolved in 300 mL of water. All exercises were performed until volitional exhaustion. Time until exhaustion (TTE) and cardio-pulmonary variables were determined for all cycling visits; during resistance exercise, repetitions until muscular failure were counted and time was measured. During all visits, capillary blood glucose and blood lactate concentrations as well as venous insulin levels were measured. Results: TTE in cycling was 449 ± 163 s (s) (Glu), 443 ± 156 s (Fru), 429 ± 160 s (GluFru) and 466 ± 162 s (Pla) (<i>p</i> = 0.48). TTE during chest-press sessions was 180 ± 95 s (Glu), 180 ± 92 s (Fru), 172 ± 78 s (GluFru) and 162 ± 66 s (Pla) (<i>p</i> = 0.25), respectively. Conclusions: Pre-exercise supplementation of Glu, Fru and a combination of these did not have an ergogenic effect on high-intensity anaerobic endurance performance and on upper and lower body moderate resistance exercise in comparison to placebo.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5128glucoselactate metabolismresistance exercisecyclingcardio-pulmonary exercise testingfructose |
| spellingShingle | Max L. Eckstein Maximilian P. Erlmann Felix Aberer Sandra Haupt Paul Zimmermann Nadine B. Wachsmuth Janis Schierbauer Rebecca T. Zimmer Daniel Herz Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch Othmar Moser Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial Nutrients glucose lactate metabolism resistance exercise cycling cardio-pulmonary exercise testing fructose |
| title | Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial |
| title_full | Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial |
| title_fullStr | Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial |
| title_short | Glucose and Fructose Supplementation and Their Acute Effects on Anaerobic Endurance and Resistance Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial |
| title_sort | glucose and fructose supplementation and their acute effects on anaerobic endurance and resistance exercise performance in healthy individuals a double blind randomized placebo controlled crossover trial |
| topic | glucose lactate metabolism resistance exercise cycling cardio-pulmonary exercise testing fructose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/23/5128 |
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