A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx
We present JWST near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova (SN) SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument observations, combined with ground-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec |
| _version_ | 1797697178852917248 |
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| author | Lindsey A. Kwok Saurabh W. Jha Tea Temim Ori D. Fox Conor Larison Yssavo Camacho-Neves Max J. Brenner Newman Justin D. R. Pierel Ryan J. Foley Jennifer E. Andrews Carles Badenes Barnabas Barna K. Azalee Bostroem Maxime Deckers Andreas Flörs Peter Garnavich Melissa L. Graham Or Graur Griffin Hosseinzadeh D. Andrew Howell John P. Hughes Joel Johansson Sarah Kendrew Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf Keiichi Maeda Kate Maguire Curtis McCully John T. O’Brien Armin Rest David J. Sand Melissa Shahbandeh Louis-Gregory Strolger Tamás Szalai Chris Ashall E. Baron Chris R. Burns James M. DerKacy Tyco Mera Evans Alec Fisher Lluís Galbany Peter Hoeflich Eric Hsiao Thomas de Jaeger Emir Karamehmetoglu Kevin Krisciunas Sahana Kumar Jing Lu Justyn Maund Paolo A. Mazzali Kyle Medler Nidia Morrell Mark. M. Phillips Benjamin J. Shappee Maximilian Stritzinger Nicholas Suntzeff Charles Telesco Michael Tucker Lifan Wang |
| author_facet | Lindsey A. Kwok Saurabh W. Jha Tea Temim Ori D. Fox Conor Larison Yssavo Camacho-Neves Max J. Brenner Newman Justin D. R. Pierel Ryan J. Foley Jennifer E. Andrews Carles Badenes Barnabas Barna K. Azalee Bostroem Maxime Deckers Andreas Flörs Peter Garnavich Melissa L. Graham Or Graur Griffin Hosseinzadeh D. Andrew Howell John P. Hughes Joel Johansson Sarah Kendrew Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf Keiichi Maeda Kate Maguire Curtis McCully John T. O’Brien Armin Rest David J. Sand Melissa Shahbandeh Louis-Gregory Strolger Tamás Szalai Chris Ashall E. Baron Chris R. Burns James M. DerKacy Tyco Mera Evans Alec Fisher Lluís Galbany Peter Hoeflich Eric Hsiao Thomas de Jaeger Emir Karamehmetoglu Kevin Krisciunas Sahana Kumar Jing Lu Justyn Maund Paolo A. Mazzali Kyle Medler Nidia Morrell Mark. M. Phillips Benjamin J. Shappee Maximilian Stritzinger Nicholas Suntzeff Charles Telesco Michael Tucker Lifan Wang |
| author_sort | Lindsey A. Kwok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present JWST near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova (SN) SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope, constitute the first complete optical+NIR+MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3–14 μ m. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5−5 μ m region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 μ m and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar iii ] 8.99 μ m line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:36:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c942f8603c6445e9166b74930b906d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:36:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c942f8603c6445e9166b74930b906d42023-09-03T13:08:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019441L310.3847/2041-8213/acb4ecA JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefxLindsey A. Kwok0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-1328Saurabh W. Jha1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8738-6011Tea Temim2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7380-3144Ori D. Fox3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-1572Conor Larison4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-4619Yssavo Camacho-Neves5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-3880Max J. Brenner Newman6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-2077Justin D. R. Pierel7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-7201Ryan J. Foley8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-5275Jennifer E. Andrews9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-0062Carles Badenes10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-343XBarnabas Barna11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-4794K. Azalee Bostroem12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-444XMaxime Deckers13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-9843Andreas Flörs14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-2819Peter Garnavich15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-2817Melissa L. Graham16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-3136Or Graur17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-6137Griffin Hosseinzadeh18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2974D. Andrew Howell19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-656XJohn P. Hughes20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-6800Joel Johansson21https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5975-290XSarah Kendrew22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-0469Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0479-7235Keiichi Maeda24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-7269Kate Maguire25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-3508Curtis McCully26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893John T. O’Brien27https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-9593Armin Rest28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-5387David J. Sand29https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-380XMelissa Shahbandeh30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-5302Louis-Gregory Strolger31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4440Tamás Szalai32https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4610-1117Chris Ashall33https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-7557E. Baron34https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-1608Chris R. Burns35https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-6629James M. DerKacy36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-6080Tyco Mera Evans37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2542Alec Fisher38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-3584Lluís Galbany39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-6887Peter Hoeflich40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-6586Eric Hsiao41https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-2928Thomas de Jaeger42https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-1139Emir Karamehmetoglu43https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-838XKevin Krisciunas44https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-694XSahana Kumar45https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-7591Jing Lu46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-1452Justyn Maund47https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-7215Paolo A. Mazzali48https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-8284Kyle Medler49https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-105XNidia Morrell50https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-3091Mark. M. Phillips51https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-0796Benjamin J. Shappee52https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-1149Maximilian Stritzinger53https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-1833Nicholas Suntzeff54https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-181XCharles Telesco55https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-9292Michael Tucker56https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-8442Lifan Wang57https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-9374Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-7219, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USAGemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh , 3941 Oara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Institut de Cièies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB) , Martíanqué 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary; Astronomical Institute , Academy of Sciences, Bočnì II 1401, Prague, Czech RepublicSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASchool of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, IrelandGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , Planckstraße 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USADiRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Box 351580, U.W., Seattle, WA 98195, USAInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK; Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA lindsey.kwok@physics.rutgers.eduOskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , Albanova University Center, SE-106 91, Stockholm, SwedenEuropean Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502. JapanSchool of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, IrelandLas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USADepartment of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary; ELKH-SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, Hungary; Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA; Hamburger Sternwarte , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, GermanyObservatories of the Carnegie Institute for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101-1232, USADepartment of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USAInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya , Gran Capità, 2-4, Edifici Nexus, Desp. 201, E-08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK; Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics , Garching, GermanyAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool, L3 5RF, UKCarnegie Observatories, Las Campanas Observatory , Casilla 601, La Serena, ChileCarnegie Observatories, Las Campanas Observatory , Casilla 601, La Serena, ChileInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611 USACenter for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43215, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USAWe present JWST near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic observations of the nearby normal Type Ia supernova (SN) SN 2021aefx in the nebular phase at +255 days past maximum light. Our Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid Infrared Instrument observations, combined with ground-based optical data from the South African Large Telescope, constitute the first complete optical+NIR+MIR nebular SN Ia spectrum covering 0.3–14 μ m. This spectrum unveils the previously unobserved 2.5−5 μ m region, revealing strong nebular iron and stable nickel emission, indicative of high-density burning that can constrain the progenitor mass. The data show a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution compared to previous Spitzer MIR data. We identify numerous NIR and MIR nebular emission lines from iron-group elements as well as lines from the intermediate-mass element argon. The argon lines extend to higher velocities than the iron-group elements, suggesting stratified ejecta that are a hallmark of delayed-detonation or double-detonation SN Ia models. We present fits to simple geometric line profiles to features beyond 1.2 μ m and find that most lines are consistent with Gaussian or spherical emission distributions, while the [Ar iii ] 8.99 μ m line has a distinctively flat-topped profile indicating a thick spherical shell of emission. Using our line profile fits, we investigate the emissivity structure of SN 2021aefx and measure kinematic properties. Continued observations of SN 2021aefx and other SNe Ia with JWST will be transformative to the study of SN Ia composition, ionization structure, density, and temperature, and will provide important constraints on SN Ia progenitor and explosion models.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ecSupernovaeType Ia supernovaeWhite dwarf stars |
| spellingShingle | Lindsey A. Kwok Saurabh W. Jha Tea Temim Ori D. Fox Conor Larison Yssavo Camacho-Neves Max J. Brenner Newman Justin D. R. Pierel Ryan J. Foley Jennifer E. Andrews Carles Badenes Barnabas Barna K. Azalee Bostroem Maxime Deckers Andreas Flörs Peter Garnavich Melissa L. Graham Or Graur Griffin Hosseinzadeh D. Andrew Howell John P. Hughes Joel Johansson Sarah Kendrew Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf Keiichi Maeda Kate Maguire Curtis McCully John T. O’Brien Armin Rest David J. Sand Melissa Shahbandeh Louis-Gregory Strolger Tamás Szalai Chris Ashall E. Baron Chris R. Burns James M. DerKacy Tyco Mera Evans Alec Fisher Lluís Galbany Peter Hoeflich Eric Hsiao Thomas de Jaeger Emir Karamehmetoglu Kevin Krisciunas Sahana Kumar Jing Lu Justyn Maund Paolo A. Mazzali Kyle Medler Nidia Morrell Mark. M. Phillips Benjamin J. Shappee Maximilian Stritzinger Nicholas Suntzeff Charles Telesco Michael Tucker Lifan Wang A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx The Astrophysical Journal Letters Supernovae Type Ia supernovae White dwarf stars |
| title | A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx |
| title_full | A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx |
| title_fullStr | A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx |
| title_full_unstemmed | A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx |
| title_short | A JWST Near- and Mid-infrared Nebular Spectrum of the Type Ia Supernova 2021aefx |
| title_sort | jwst near and mid infrared nebular spectrum of the type ia supernova 2021aefx |
| topic | Supernovae Type Ia supernovae White dwarf stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb4ec |
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jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT kylemedler jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT nidiamorrell jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT markmphillips jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT benjaminjshappee jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT maximilianstritzinger jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT nicholassuntzeff jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT charlestelesco jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT michaeltucker jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx AT lifanwang jwstnearandmidinfrarednebularspectrumofthetypeiasupernova2021aefx |