Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i>
(1) Background: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demon...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/327 |
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| author | Ye Zhao Jin-Yang Li Qin Jiang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Lin Feng Yang Liu Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Jian Zhou Juan Zhao Jun Jiang |
| author_facet | Ye Zhao Jin-Yang Li Qin Jiang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Lin Feng Yang Liu Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Jian Zhou Juan Zhao Jun Jiang |
| author_sort | Ye Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂</i>). (2) Methods: A total of 630 hybrid catfish (23.19 ± 0.20 g) were fed 6 different experimental diets containing graded levels of Leu at 10.0 (control), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g Leu kg<sup>-1</sup> for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Results showed that dietary Leu increased percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), FI (feed intake), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), muscle fibers diameter, and muscle fibers density; up-regulated insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myogenic regulation factors (MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4), and MyHC mRNA levels; increased muscle protein synthesis via regulating the AKT/TOR signaling pathway; and attenuated protein degradation via regulating the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that Leu has potential role to improve muscle growth and protein deposition in fish, which might be due to the regulation of IGF mRNA expression, muscle growth related gene, and protein synthesis and degradation-related signaling pathways. Based on the broken-line model, the Leu requirement of hybrid catfish (23.19-54.55 g) for PWG was estimated to be 28.10 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of the diet (73.04 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of dietary protein). These results will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for muscle growth and protein deposition effects of Leu in fish. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:36:16Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3c9476d602ed4207aea3aa99b57d65c32023-08-02T04:10:57ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-01-019232710.3390/cells9020327cells9020327Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i>Ye Zhao0Jin-Yang Li1Qin Jiang2Xiao-Qiu Zhou3Lin Feng4Yang Liu5Wei-Dan Jiang6Pei Wu7Jian Zhou8Juan Zhao9Jun Jiang10College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaFisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 611731, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China(1) Background: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂</i>). (2) Methods: A total of 630 hybrid catfish (23.19 ± 0.20 g) were fed 6 different experimental diets containing graded levels of Leu at 10.0 (control), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g Leu kg<sup>-1</sup> for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Results showed that dietary Leu increased percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), FI (feed intake), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), muscle fibers diameter, and muscle fibers density; up-regulated insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myogenic regulation factors (MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4), and MyHC mRNA levels; increased muscle protein synthesis via regulating the AKT/TOR signaling pathway; and attenuated protein degradation via regulating the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that Leu has potential role to improve muscle growth and protein deposition in fish, which might be due to the regulation of IGF mRNA expression, muscle growth related gene, and protein synthesis and degradation-related signaling pathways. Based on the broken-line model, the Leu requirement of hybrid catfish (23.19-54.55 g) for PWG was estimated to be 28.10 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of the diet (73.04 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of dietary protein). These results will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for muscle growth and protein deposition effects of Leu in fish.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/327leucinemuscle growthprotein synthesisprotein degradationhybrid bagrid catfish |
| spellingShingle | Ye Zhao Jin-Yang Li Qin Jiang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Lin Feng Yang Liu Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Jian Zhou Juan Zhao Jun Jiang Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> Cells leucine muscle growth protein synthesis protein degradation hybrid bagrid catfish |
| title | Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> |
| title_full | Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> |
| title_fullStr | Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> |
| title_short | Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris</i> |
| title_sort | leucine improved growth performance muscle growth and muscle protein deposition through akt tor and akt foxo3a signaling pathways in hybrid catfish i pelteobagrus vachelli leiocassis longirostris i |
| topic | leucine muscle growth protein synthesis protein degradation hybrid bagrid catfish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/2/327 |
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