Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
<b>Background</b> There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1153 |
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| author | Upinder Kaur Sapna Bala Aditi Joshi Noti Taruni Srija Reddy Chetan Japur Mayank Chauhan Nikitha Pedapanga Shubham Kumar Anurup Mukherjee Vaibhav Mishra Dolly Talda Rohit Singh Rohit Kumar Gupta Ashish Kumar Yadav Poonam Jyoti Rana Jyoti Srivastava Shobha Bhat K. Anup Singh Naveen Kumar P.G. Manoj Pandey Kishor Patwardhan Sangeeta Kansal Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti |
| author_facet | Upinder Kaur Sapna Bala Aditi Joshi Noti Taruni Srija Reddy Chetan Japur Mayank Chauhan Nikitha Pedapanga Shubham Kumar Anurup Mukherjee Vaibhav Mishra Dolly Talda Rohit Singh Rohit Kumar Gupta Ashish Kumar Yadav Poonam Jyoti Rana Jyoti Srivastava Shobha Bhat K. Anup Singh Naveen Kumar P.G. Manoj Pandey Kishor Patwardhan Sangeeta Kansal Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti |
| author_sort | Upinder Kaur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b> There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. <b>Methods</b>: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. <b>Results</b>: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate–severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate–severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. <b>Conclusions</b>: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:42:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c98e12398c448e78772884e68dc9624 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:42:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c98e12398c448e78772884e68dc96242023-12-03T12:23:33ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-07-01107115310.3390/vaccines10071153Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North IndiaUpinder Kaur0Sapna Bala1Aditi Joshi2Noti Taruni Srija Reddy3Chetan Japur4Mayank Chauhan5Nikitha Pedapanga6Shubham Kumar7Anurup Mukherjee8Vaibhav Mishra9Dolly Talda10Rohit Singh11Rohit Kumar Gupta12Ashish Kumar Yadav13Poonam Jyoti Rana14Jyoti Srivastava15Shobha Bhat K.16Anup Singh17Naveen Kumar P.G.18Manoj Pandey19Kishor Patwardhan20Sangeeta Kansal21Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti22Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Kriya Sharir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaInstitute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaCenter for Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaCollege of Nursing, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaCollege of Nursing, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Agad Tantra, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaFaculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Kriya Sharir, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, IndiaDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India<b>Background</b> There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. <b>Methods</b>: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. <b>Results</b>: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate–severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate–severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. <b>Conclusions</b>: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1153adverse events following immunizationasthmainflammatory arthritishypothyroidismlong COVIDmyocarditis |
| spellingShingle | Upinder Kaur Sapna Bala Aditi Joshi Noti Taruni Srija Reddy Chetan Japur Mayank Chauhan Nikitha Pedapanga Shubham Kumar Anurup Mukherjee Vaibhav Mishra Dolly Talda Rohit Singh Rohit Kumar Gupta Ashish Kumar Yadav Poonam Jyoti Rana Jyoti Srivastava Shobha Bhat K. Anup Singh Naveen Kumar P.G. Manoj Pandey Kishor Patwardhan Sangeeta Kansal Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India Vaccines adverse events following immunization asthma inflammatory arthritis hypothyroidism long COVID myocarditis |
| title | Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India |
| title_full | Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India |
| title_fullStr | Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India |
| title_short | Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India |
| title_sort | persistent health issues adverse events and effectiveness of vaccines during the second wave of covid 19 a cohort study from a tertiary hospital in north india |
| topic | adverse events following immunization asthma inflammatory arthritis hypothyroidism long COVID myocarditis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1153 |
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