Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
Unlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility o...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3107 |
| _version_ | 1797609050590937088 |
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| author | Yanhong Xu Xiao Huang Anyi Wang |
| author_facet | Yanhong Xu Xiao Huang Anyi Wang |
| author_sort | Yanhong Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility of an array antenna. Nevertheless, an FDA with uniform inter-element spacing that consists of a huge number of elements is required when a high resolution is needed, which results in a high cost. To substantially reduce the cost while almost maintaining the antenna resolution, it is important to conduct a sparse synthesis of FDA. Under these circumstances, this paper investigated the transmit–receive beamforming of a sparse-fda in range and angle dimensions. In particular, the joint transmit–receive signal formula was first derived and analyzed to resolve the inherent time-varying characteristics of FDA based on a cost-effective signal processing diagram. In the sequel, the GA-based low sidelobe level (SLL) transmit–receive beamforming of the sparse-fda was proposed to generate a focused main lobe in a range-angle space, where the array element positions were incorporated into the optimization problem. Numerical results showed that 50% of the elements can be saved for the two linear FDAs with sinusoidally and logarithmically varying frequency offsets, respectively termed as sin-FO linear-FDA and log-FO linear-FDA, with only a less than 1 dB increment in SLL. The resultant SLLs are below −9.6 dB, and −12.9 dB for these two linear FDAs, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c9c4be479bc4bed8b68c5562f5b29a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:56:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3c9c4be479bc4bed8b68c5562f5b29a42023-11-17T13:46:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-03-01236310710.3390/s23063107Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic AlgorithmYanhong Xu0Xiao Huang1Anyi Wang2Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaXi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaXi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communication, College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaUnlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility of an array antenna. Nevertheless, an FDA with uniform inter-element spacing that consists of a huge number of elements is required when a high resolution is needed, which results in a high cost. To substantially reduce the cost while almost maintaining the antenna resolution, it is important to conduct a sparse synthesis of FDA. Under these circumstances, this paper investigated the transmit–receive beamforming of a sparse-fda in range and angle dimensions. In particular, the joint transmit–receive signal formula was first derived and analyzed to resolve the inherent time-varying characteristics of FDA based on a cost-effective signal processing diagram. In the sequel, the GA-based low sidelobe level (SLL) transmit–receive beamforming of the sparse-fda was proposed to generate a focused main lobe in a range-angle space, where the array element positions were incorporated into the optimization problem. Numerical results showed that 50% of the elements can be saved for the two linear FDAs with sinusoidally and logarithmically varying frequency offsets, respectively termed as sin-FO linear-FDA and log-FO linear-FDA, with only a less than 1 dB increment in SLL. The resultant SLLs are below −9.6 dB, and −12.9 dB for these two linear FDAs, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3107beampattern synthesistransmit–receive modefrequency diverse array (FDA)sparse arrayrange and angle domainsgenetic algorithm (GA) |
| spellingShingle | Yanhong Xu Xiao Huang Anyi Wang Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm Sensors beampattern synthesis transmit–receive mode frequency diverse array (FDA) sparse array range and angle domains genetic algorithm (GA) |
| title | Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm |
| title_full | Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm |
| title_short | Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm |
| title_sort | transmit receive sparse synthesis of linear frequency diverse array in range angle space using genetic algorithm |
| topic | beampattern synthesis transmit–receive mode frequency diverse array (FDA) sparse array range and angle domains genetic algorithm (GA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3107 |
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