Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead
Most research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead-resistant functional strains were immobilized using weathered coal as a carrier, resulting in the development of a weathered...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/660 |
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| author | Zile Jiao Chunhua Gao Jianhua Li Jinjing Lu Juan Wang Lin Li Xiaojing Chen |
| author_facet | Zile Jiao Chunhua Gao Jianhua Li Jinjing Lu Juan Wang Lin Li Xiaojing Chen |
| author_sort | Zile Jiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead-resistant functional strains were immobilized using weathered coal as a carrier, resulting in the development of a weathered coal-immobilized microbial material (JK-BW) exhibiting high efficiency in lead removal from solutions. A quadratic polynomial model for the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of JK-BW on Pb<sup>2+</sup> was developed using the Box-Behnken method to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption mechanism of JK-BW was studied through batch adsorption and desorption experiments along with SEM-EDS, BET, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Findings indicated that optimal conditions were identified at 306 K temperature, 0.36 g/L adsorbent dosage, and 300 mg/L initial solution concentration, achieving a peak adsorption performance of 338.9 mg/g (308 K) for the immobilized material, surpassing free cell adsorption by 3.8 times. Even after four cycles of repeated use, the material maintained its high adsorption capacity. Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption by JK-BW involved monolayer chemisorption with ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, physical adsorption, and microbial intracellular phagocytosis. Ion exchange accounted for 22–42% and complexation accounted for 39–57% of the total adsorption mechanisms, notably involving exchanges with K, Ca, Na, and Mg ions as well as complexation with –OH, –COOH, CO–OH, –COOH, CO–, NH<sub>2</sub>, and the β-ring of pyridine for Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c9f49be41ce4342a929eae18be32a10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c9f49be41ce4342a929eae18be32a102024-02-09T15:19:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-01-0129366010.3390/molecules29030660Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of LeadZile Jiao0Chunhua Gao1Jianhua Li2Jinjing Lu3Juan Wang4Lin Li5Xiaojing Chen6College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaMost research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead-resistant functional strains were immobilized using weathered coal as a carrier, resulting in the development of a weathered coal-immobilized microbial material (JK-BW) exhibiting high efficiency in lead removal from solutions. A quadratic polynomial model for the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of JK-BW on Pb<sup>2+</sup> was developed using the Box-Behnken method to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption mechanism of JK-BW was studied through batch adsorption and desorption experiments along with SEM-EDS, BET, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Findings indicated that optimal conditions were identified at 306 K temperature, 0.36 g/L adsorbent dosage, and 300 mg/L initial solution concentration, achieving a peak adsorption performance of 338.9 mg/g (308 K) for the immobilized material, surpassing free cell adsorption by 3.8 times. Even after four cycles of repeated use, the material maintained its high adsorption capacity. Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption by JK-BW involved monolayer chemisorption with ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, physical adsorption, and microbial intracellular phagocytosis. Ion exchange accounted for 22–42% and complexation accounted for 39–57% of the total adsorption mechanisms, notably involving exchanges with K, Ca, Na, and Mg ions as well as complexation with –OH, –COOH, CO–OH, –COOH, CO–, NH<sub>2</sub>, and the β-ring of pyridine for Pb<sup>2+</sup> adsorption.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/660weathered coalimmobilized microbial materialsleadadsorption conditionsadsorption mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Zile Jiao Chunhua Gao Jianhua Li Jinjing Lu Juan Wang Lin Li Xiaojing Chen Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead Molecules weathered coal immobilized microbial materials lead adsorption conditions adsorption mechanism |
| title | Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead |
| title_full | Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead |
| title_fullStr | Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead |
| title_full_unstemmed | Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead |
| title_short | Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead |
| title_sort | weathered coal immobilized microbial materials as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of lead |
| topic | weathered coal immobilized microbial materials lead adsorption conditions adsorption mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/660 |
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