Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input
Series of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (electric arc furnace), waste glass (bottles), and autom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/8/902 |
| _version_ | 1811214707800932352 |
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| author | Wilson Handoko Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla |
| author_facet | Wilson Handoko Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla |
| author_sort | Wilson Handoko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Series of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (electric arc furnace), waste glass (bottles), and automotive shredder residue (ASR) plastics (polypropylene) via the single step surface modification technique. Microstructural analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), crystallography analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-level chemical analysis by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM and EDS), and depth profile surface analysis with three-dimensional chemical mapping by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), followed by electrochemical corrosion test by the Tafel method and hardness test—Vickers hardness measurement. Three areas have been classified, modified surface, interface, and main substrate areas as the synthesis of ceramic layers into surface of the steels that thermodynamically formed during the heat treatment process. Chemical composition analyses have revealed that generated layers consisting of chromium (Cr)- and magnesium (Mg)-based compound have shown an improved corrosion resistance to 52% and hardness to 70% without modifying the initial volume fraction of constituent phases−martensite and retained austenite. These findings have substantially highlighted to the potential use of waste-integrated inputs as raw materials for production in cost-effective way, concurrently decreasing the demand on new resource for coating, alleviating the disadvantageous impact to the environment from waste disposal in landfills. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:09:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ca388b6973e485faca66d16a156bb88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:09:13Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ca388b6973e485faca66d16a156bb882022-12-22T03:44:45ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012019-08-019890210.3390/met9080902met9080902Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as InputWilson Handoko0Farshid Pahlevani1Veena Sahajwalla2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT Centre), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT Centre), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT Centre), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaSeries of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (electric arc furnace), waste glass (bottles), and automotive shredder residue (ASR) plastics (polypropylene) via the single step surface modification technique. Microstructural analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), crystallography analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-level chemical analysis by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM and EDS), and depth profile surface analysis with three-dimensional chemical mapping by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), followed by electrochemical corrosion test by the Tafel method and hardness test—Vickers hardness measurement. Three areas have been classified, modified surface, interface, and main substrate areas as the synthesis of ceramic layers into surface of the steels that thermodynamically formed during the heat treatment process. Chemical composition analyses have revealed that generated layers consisting of chromium (Cr)- and magnesium (Mg)-based compound have shown an improved corrosion resistance to 52% and hardness to 70% without modifying the initial volume fraction of constituent phases−martensite and retained austenite. These findings have substantially highlighted to the potential use of waste-integrated inputs as raw materials for production in cost-effective way, concurrently decreasing the demand on new resource for coating, alleviating the disadvantageous impact to the environment from waste disposal in landfills.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/8/902waste sourcehigh carbon steelcorrosion resistancehardnesssurface layerceramicmartensiteretained austenite |
| spellingShingle | Wilson Handoko Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input Metals waste source high carbon steel corrosion resistance hardness surface layer ceramic martensite retained austenite |
| title | Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input |
| title_full | Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input |
| title_short | Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input |
| title_sort | enhancing corrosion resistance of high carbon steel by formation of surface layers using wastes as input |
| topic | waste source high carbon steel corrosion resistance hardness surface layer ceramic martensite retained austenite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/8/902 |
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