Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy
Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxida...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4771 |
| _version_ | 1797535619783589888 |
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| author | Lalita Subedi Bhakta Prasad Gaire Sun-Yeou Kim Amna Parveen |
| author_facet | Lalita Subedi Bhakta Prasad Gaire Sun-Yeou Kim Amna Parveen |
| author_sort | Lalita Subedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative stress. Excessive NO production by activated microglial cells is specifically associated with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, and other afflictions of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling excessive NO production is a desirable therapeutic strategy for managing various neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, phytochemicals have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to counteract excessive NO production in CNS disorders. Moreover, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are typically safe and effective. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NO production and its involvement in various neurological disorders, and we revisit a number of recently identified phytochemicals which may act as NO inhibitors. This review may help identify novel potent anti-inflammatory agents that can downregulate NO, specifically during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ca530b8cb6d46e0ae0993f848eb55bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ca530b8cb6d46e0ae0993f848eb55bf2023-11-21T17:56:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01229477110.3390/ijms22094771Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention TherapyLalita Subedi0Bhakta Prasad Gaire1Sun-Yeou Kim2Amna Parveen3College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, KoreaNitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative stress. Excessive NO production by activated microglial cells is specifically associated with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, and other afflictions of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling excessive NO production is a desirable therapeutic strategy for managing various neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, phytochemicals have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to counteract excessive NO production in CNS disorders. Moreover, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are typically safe and effective. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NO production and its involvement in various neurological disorders, and we revisit a number of recently identified phytochemicals which may act as NO inhibitors. This review may help identify novel potent anti-inflammatory agents that can downregulate NO, specifically during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4771nitric oxidereactive nitrogen speciesneuroinflammationneurodegenerationphytochemicalsmedicinal plants |
| spellingShingle | Lalita Subedi Bhakta Prasad Gaire Sun-Yeou Kim Amna Parveen Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences nitric oxide reactive nitrogen species neuroinflammation neurodegeneration phytochemicals medicinal plants |
| title | Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy |
| title_full | Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy |
| title_short | Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy |
| title_sort | nitric oxide as a target for phytochemicals in anti neuroinflammatory prevention therapy |
| topic | nitric oxide reactive nitrogen species neuroinflammation neurodegeneration phytochemicals medicinal plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4771 |
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