Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study
Background and Aims: Scientific evidence regarding protective factors that contribute to healthy weight in childhood is limited and is particularly scarce in lower socio-economic populations in different ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of biological, behavioral and psychosoc...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00456/full |
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| author | Varda Soskolne Michal Cohen-Dar Samira Obeid Samira Obeid Nitsa Cohen Mary C. J. Rudolf |
| author_facet | Varda Soskolne Michal Cohen-Dar Samira Obeid Samira Obeid Nitsa Cohen Mary C. J. Rudolf |
| author_sort | Varda Soskolne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aims: Scientific evidence regarding protective factors that contribute to healthy weight in childhood is limited and is particularly scarce in lower socio-economic populations in different ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of biological, behavioral and psychosocial factors for child overweight/obesity in Jewish and Arab population groups in Israel, and to compare their associations with child overweight/obesity in the two groups.Methods: Children aged 5–6 years were randomly selected from 20 Mother and Child Health clinics in towns and villages of lowest socio-economic ranking in Northern Israel. Children and mothers were invited for a special “One Stop Shop–Preparation for School” visit which included growth measurements. Questionnaires were distributed to mothers for self-report on biological, SES, psychological and lifestyle factors. Perinatal and early nutritional data were retrieved from clinic records. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression models predicting child overweight/obesity were conducted separately for Jewish (N = 371) and Arab (N = 575) children.Results: Overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85th centile) rates were higher in Jewish (25%) than Arab (19%) children. In both Jewish and Arab groups, respectively, maternal BMI (OR = 1.10 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.17]; OR = 1.08 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.13]), and child birthweight (OR = 1.33 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.71]; OR = 1.39 [95%CI = 1.11, 1.73]) were significant risk factors for overweight/obesity, and maternal self-efficacy regarding child's lifestyle was significantly protective (OR = 0.49 [95%CI = 0.28, 0.85]; OR = 0.54 [95%CI = 0.34, 0.85]). Additionally, four other maternal psychological and child behaviors were significantly associated with overweight/obesity in the Jewish group and two child lifestyle behavior factors in the Arab group. Moreover, significant interactions indicating moderation effects were found only in the Jewish group: maternal education and maternal age moderated the effect of maternal BMI on child overweight/obesity. No other moderation of risk factors was found.Discussion: In this study of children from low SES families, protective factors contributed to healthy child weight alongside risk factors for overweight/obesity. They differed between the population groups, and fewer variables explained overweight/obesity in Arab children. Although further expansion of these findings is required they point at the relevance of protective factors, maternal self-efficacy in particular, for understanding childhood obesity in specific ethnic contexts and for planning culturally adapted prevention programs in disadvantaged populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:54:11Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:54:11Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3caffd02e3ea4d538bfdfac8b81facba2022-12-22T01:40:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922018-08-01910.3389/fendo.2018.00456379438Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional StudyVarda Soskolne0Michal Cohen-Dar1Samira Obeid2Samira Obeid3Nitsa Cohen4Mary C. J. Rudolf5Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, IsraelNorthern Region Health Office, Ministry of Health, Nazareth Illit, IsraelNorthern Region Health Office, Ministry of Health, Nazareth Illit, IsraelNursing Department, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, IsraelNorthern Region Health Office, Ministry of Health, Nazareth Illit, IsraelDepartment of Population Health, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, IsraelBackground and Aims: Scientific evidence regarding protective factors that contribute to healthy weight in childhood is limited and is particularly scarce in lower socio-economic populations in different ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of biological, behavioral and psychosocial factors for child overweight/obesity in Jewish and Arab population groups in Israel, and to compare their associations with child overweight/obesity in the two groups.Methods: Children aged 5–6 years were randomly selected from 20 Mother and Child Health clinics in towns and villages of lowest socio-economic ranking in Northern Israel. Children and mothers were invited for a special “One Stop Shop–Preparation for School” visit which included growth measurements. Questionnaires were distributed to mothers for self-report on biological, SES, psychological and lifestyle factors. Perinatal and early nutritional data were retrieved from clinic records. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression models predicting child overweight/obesity were conducted separately for Jewish (N = 371) and Arab (N = 575) children.Results: Overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85th centile) rates were higher in Jewish (25%) than Arab (19%) children. In both Jewish and Arab groups, respectively, maternal BMI (OR = 1.10 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.17]; OR = 1.08 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.13]), and child birthweight (OR = 1.33 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.71]; OR = 1.39 [95%CI = 1.11, 1.73]) were significant risk factors for overweight/obesity, and maternal self-efficacy regarding child's lifestyle was significantly protective (OR = 0.49 [95%CI = 0.28, 0.85]; OR = 0.54 [95%CI = 0.34, 0.85]). Additionally, four other maternal psychological and child behaviors were significantly associated with overweight/obesity in the Jewish group and two child lifestyle behavior factors in the Arab group. Moreover, significant interactions indicating moderation effects were found only in the Jewish group: maternal education and maternal age moderated the effect of maternal BMI on child overweight/obesity. No other moderation of risk factors was found.Discussion: In this study of children from low SES families, protective factors contributed to healthy child weight alongside risk factors for overweight/obesity. They differed between the population groups, and fewer variables explained overweight/obesity in Arab children. Although further expansion of these findings is required they point at the relevance of protective factors, maternal self-efficacy in particular, for understanding childhood obesity in specific ethnic contexts and for planning culturally adapted prevention programs in disadvantaged populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00456/fullrisk factorsprotective factorschild obesitypreschoolethnic differencessocial disadvantage |
| spellingShingle | Varda Soskolne Michal Cohen-Dar Samira Obeid Samira Obeid Nitsa Cohen Mary C. J. Rudolf Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study Frontiers in Endocrinology risk factors protective factors child obesity preschool ethnic differences social disadvantage |
| title | Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_full | Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_short | Risk and Protective Factors for Child Overweight/Obesity Among Low Socio-Economic Populations in Israel: A Cross Sectional Study |
| title_sort | risk and protective factors for child overweight obesity among low socio economic populations in israel a cross sectional study |
| topic | risk factors protective factors child obesity preschool ethnic differences social disadvantage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00456/full |
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