Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications
Pure titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely used as artificial implant materials for biomedical applications. The excellent biocompatibility of Ti has been attributed to the presence of a natural or artificial surface layer of titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide and tantalum oxide thin films are reco...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/5/649 |
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| author | Heng-Li Huang Ming-Tzu Tsai Yin-Yu Chang Yi-Jyun Lin Jui-Ting Hsu |
| author_facet | Heng-Li Huang Ming-Tzu Tsai Yin-Yu Chang Yi-Jyun Lin Jui-Ting Hsu |
| author_sort | Heng-Li Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pure titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely used as artificial implant materials for biomedical applications. The excellent biocompatibility of Ti has been attributed to the presence of a natural or artificial surface layer of titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide and tantalum oxide thin films are recognized due to their outstanding antibacterial properties. In this study, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) was used for the deposition of tantalum oxide and zinc-doped Ta(Zn)O thin films on Ti with rough and porous surface, which was pretreated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Surface morphology, antibacterial property as well as cell biocompatibility were analyzed. The antibacterial effect was studied individually for the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> (A. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i>). The deposited Ta (Zn)O coating was composed of amorphous tantalum oxide and crystalline ZnO. The antibacterial results on the tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coated Ti indicated a significant inhibition of both <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> bacteria when compared with the uncoated Ti samples. The deposited Ta(Zn)O showed the best antibacterial performance. The Ta(Zn)O coated Ti showed lower level of the cell viability in MG-63 cells compared to other groups, indicating that Zn-doped Ta(Zn)O coatings may restrict the cell viability of hard tissue-derived MG-63 cells. However, the biocompatibility tests demonstrated that the tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coatings improved cell attachment and cell growth in human skin fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity was found similar between the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and Ta(Zn)O coated Ti. By adopting a first PEO surface modification and a subsequent HiPIMS coating deposition, we synthetized amorphous tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coatings that improved titanium surface properties and morphologies, making them a good surface treatment for titanium-based implants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:44:34Z |
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| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:44:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3cbcab888c534d9e83615e92332c69ff2023-11-20T00:52:54ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-05-0110564910.3390/met10050649Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial ApplicationsHeng-Li Huang0Ming-Tzu Tsai1Yin-Yu Chang2Yi-Jyun Lin3Jui-Ting Hsu4School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, TaiwanPure titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys are widely used as artificial implant materials for biomedical applications. The excellent biocompatibility of Ti has been attributed to the presence of a natural or artificial surface layer of titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide and tantalum oxide thin films are recognized due to their outstanding antibacterial properties. In this study, high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) was used for the deposition of tantalum oxide and zinc-doped Ta(Zn)O thin films on Ti with rough and porous surface, which was pretreated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Surface morphology, antibacterial property as well as cell biocompatibility were analyzed. The antibacterial effect was studied individually for the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> (A. <i>actinomycetemcomitans</i>). The deposited Ta (Zn)O coating was composed of amorphous tantalum oxide and crystalline ZnO. The antibacterial results on the tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coated Ti indicated a significant inhibition of both <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> bacteria when compared with the uncoated Ti samples. The deposited Ta(Zn)O showed the best antibacterial performance. The Ta(Zn)O coated Ti showed lower level of the cell viability in MG-63 cells compared to other groups, indicating that Zn-doped Ta(Zn)O coatings may restrict the cell viability of hard tissue-derived MG-63 cells. However, the biocompatibility tests demonstrated that the tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coatings improved cell attachment and cell growth in human skin fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity was found similar between the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and Ta(Zn)O coated Ti. By adopting a first PEO surface modification and a subsequent HiPIMS coating deposition, we synthetized amorphous tantalum oxide and Ta(Zn)O coatings that improved titanium surface properties and morphologies, making them a good surface treatment for titanium-based implants.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/5/649high power impulse magnetron sputteringzinc oxidetantalum oxidethin filmplasma electrolytic oxidationantibacterial |
| spellingShingle | Heng-Li Huang Ming-Tzu Tsai Yin-Yu Chang Yi-Jyun Lin Jui-Ting Hsu Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications Metals high power impulse magnetron sputtering zinc oxide tantalum oxide thin film plasma electrolytic oxidation antibacterial |
| title | Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications |
| title_full | Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications |
| title_short | Fabrication of a Novel Ta(Zn)O Thin Film on Titanium by Magnetron Sputtering and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation for Cell Biocompatibilities and Antibacterial Applications |
| title_sort | fabrication of a novel ta zn o thin film on titanium by magnetron sputtering and plasma electrolytic oxidation for cell biocompatibilities and antibacterial applications |
| topic | high power impulse magnetron sputtering zinc oxide tantalum oxide thin film plasma electrolytic oxidation antibacterial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/5/649 |
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