Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated.&l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/175 |
| _version_ | 1819089021706436608 |
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| author | Muijsers Mariska Martel An Van Rooij Pascale Baert Kris Vercauteren Griet Ducatelle Richard De Backer Patrick Vercammen Francis Haesebrouck Freddy Pasmans Frank |
| author_facet | Muijsers Mariska Martel An Van Rooij Pascale Baert Kris Vercauteren Griet Ducatelle Richard De Backer Patrick Vercammen Francis Haesebrouck Freddy Pasmans Frank |
| author_sort | Muijsers Mariska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfonamides were active <it>in vitro</it> against cultures of five <it>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</it> strains containing sporangia and zoospores, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml for florfenicol and 8.0 μg/ml for the sulfonamides. Trimethoprim was not capable of inhibiting growth but, combined with sulfonamides, reduced the time to visible growth inhibition by the sulfonamides. Growth inhibition of <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> was not observed after exposure to clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, paromomycin, polymyxin E and tylosin. Cultures of sporangia and zoospores of <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> strains JEL423 and IA042 were killed completely after 14 days of exposure to 100 μg/ml florfenicol or 16 μg/ml trimethoprim combined with 80 μg/ml sulfadiazine. These concentrations were, however, not capable of efficiently killing zoospores within 4 days after exposure as assessed using flow cytometry. Florfenicol concentrations remained stable in a bathing solution during a ten day period. Exposure of <it>Discoglossus scovazzi</it> tadpoles for ten days to 100 μg/ml but not to 10 μg florfenicol /ml water resulted in toxicity. In an <it>in vivo</it> trial, post metamorphic <it>Alytes muletensis</it>, experimentally inoculated with <it>B. dendrobatidis,</it> were treated topically with a solution containing 10 μg/ml of florfenicol during 14 days. Although a significant reduction of the <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> load was obtained, none of the treated animals cleared the infection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We thus conclude that, despite marked anti <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> activity <it>in vitro</it>, the florfenicol treatment used is not capable of eliminating <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> infections from amphibians.</p> |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:01:19Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3cbf93251a524697968d4b18aa3301792022-12-21T18:48:48ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482012-09-018117510.1186/1746-6148-8-175Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?Muijsers MariskaMartel AnVan Rooij PascaleBaert KrisVercauteren GrietDucatelle RichardDe Backer PatrickVercammen FrancisHaesebrouck FreddyPasmans Frank<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfonamides were active <it>in vitro</it> against cultures of five <it>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</it> strains containing sporangia and zoospores, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml for florfenicol and 8.0 μg/ml for the sulfonamides. Trimethoprim was not capable of inhibiting growth but, combined with sulfonamides, reduced the time to visible growth inhibition by the sulfonamides. Growth inhibition of <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> was not observed after exposure to clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, paromomycin, polymyxin E and tylosin. Cultures of sporangia and zoospores of <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> strains JEL423 and IA042 were killed completely after 14 days of exposure to 100 μg/ml florfenicol or 16 μg/ml trimethoprim combined with 80 μg/ml sulfadiazine. These concentrations were, however, not capable of efficiently killing zoospores within 4 days after exposure as assessed using flow cytometry. Florfenicol concentrations remained stable in a bathing solution during a ten day period. Exposure of <it>Discoglossus scovazzi</it> tadpoles for ten days to 100 μg/ml but not to 10 μg florfenicol /ml water resulted in toxicity. In an <it>in vivo</it> trial, post metamorphic <it>Alytes muletensis</it>, experimentally inoculated with <it>B. dendrobatidis,</it> were treated topically with a solution containing 10 μg/ml of florfenicol during 14 days. Although a significant reduction of the <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> load was obtained, none of the treated animals cleared the infection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We thus conclude that, despite marked anti <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> activity <it>in vitro</it>, the florfenicol treatment used is not capable of eliminating <it>B. dendrobatidis</it> infections from amphibians.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/175 |
| spellingShingle | Muijsers Mariska Martel An Van Rooij Pascale Baert Kris Vercauteren Griet Ducatelle Richard De Backer Patrick Vercammen Francis Haesebrouck Freddy Pasmans Frank Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? BMC Veterinary Research |
| title | Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? |
| title_full | Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? |
| title_short | Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? |
| title_sort | antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians columbus s egg |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/175 |
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