The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites
The mushroom, Sanghuang is widely used in Asian countries. This medicinal fungus produces diverse bioactive compounds and possesses a potent ability to degrade the wood of the mulberry tree. However, the genes, pathways, and mechanisms that are involved in the biosynthesis of the active compounds an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03035/full |
| _version_ | 1828451546117963776 |
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| author | Ying Shao Hongwei Guo Jianping Zhang Hui Liu Kun Wang Song Zuo Pengfei Xu Zhenrong Xia Qiumei Zhou Hanghang Zhang Xiangqing Wang Anhui Chen Yulong Wang |
| author_facet | Ying Shao Hongwei Guo Jianping Zhang Hui Liu Kun Wang Song Zuo Pengfei Xu Zhenrong Xia Qiumei Zhou Hanghang Zhang Xiangqing Wang Anhui Chen Yulong Wang |
| author_sort | Ying Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mushroom, Sanghuang is widely used in Asian countries. This medicinal fungus produces diverse bioactive compounds and possesses a potent ability to degrade the wood of the mulberry tree. However, the genes, pathways, and mechanisms that are involved in the biosynthesis of the active compounds and wood degradation by Sanghuang mushroom are still unknown. Here, we report a 34.5 Mb genome—encoding 11,310 predicted genes—of this mushroom. About 16.88% (1909) of the predicted genes have been successfully classified as EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and approximately 27.23% (665) of these genes are involved in metabolism. Additionally, a total of 334 genes encoding CAZymes—and their characteristics—were compared with those of the other fungi. Homologous genes involved in triterpenoid, polysaccharide, and flavonoid biosynthesis were identified, and their expression was examined during four developmental stages, 10 and 20 days old mycelia, 1 year old and 3 years old fruiting bodies. Importantly, the lack of chalcone isomerase 1 in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway suggested that different mechanisms were used in this mushroom to synthesize flavonoids than those used in plants. In addition, 343 transporters and 4 velvet family proteins, involved in regulation, uptake, and redistribution of secondary metabolites, were identified. Genomic analysis of this fungus provides insights into its diverse secondary metabolites, which would be beneficial for the investigation of the medical applications of these pharmacological compounds in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:38:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ccd3f90d88d4fc09957798b2862dfa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:38:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ccd3f90d88d4fc09957798b2862dfa82022-12-22T01:29:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-01-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.03035496496The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary MetabolitesYing Shao0Hongwei Guo1Jianping Zhang2Hui Liu3Kun Wang4Song Zuo5Pengfei Xu6Zhenrong Xia7Qiumei Zhou8Hanghang Zhang9Xiangqing Wang10Anhui Chen11Yulong Wang12Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaJiangsu Konen Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, ChinaJiangsu Konen Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, ChinaJiangsu Konen Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, ChinaJiangsu Konen Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, ChinaExperimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, ChinaNanling Forestry Technology Center, Nanling Forestry Bureau, Nanling, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Pingyi County, Pingyi, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaAnhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaThe mushroom, Sanghuang is widely used in Asian countries. This medicinal fungus produces diverse bioactive compounds and possesses a potent ability to degrade the wood of the mulberry tree. However, the genes, pathways, and mechanisms that are involved in the biosynthesis of the active compounds and wood degradation by Sanghuang mushroom are still unknown. Here, we report a 34.5 Mb genome—encoding 11,310 predicted genes—of this mushroom. About 16.88% (1909) of the predicted genes have been successfully classified as EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and approximately 27.23% (665) of these genes are involved in metabolism. Additionally, a total of 334 genes encoding CAZymes—and their characteristics—were compared with those of the other fungi. Homologous genes involved in triterpenoid, polysaccharide, and flavonoid biosynthesis were identified, and their expression was examined during four developmental stages, 10 and 20 days old mycelia, 1 year old and 3 years old fruiting bodies. Importantly, the lack of chalcone isomerase 1 in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway suggested that different mechanisms were used in this mushroom to synthesize flavonoids than those used in plants. In addition, 343 transporters and 4 velvet family proteins, involved in regulation, uptake, and redistribution of secondary metabolites, were identified. Genomic analysis of this fungus provides insights into its diverse secondary metabolites, which would be beneficial for the investigation of the medical applications of these pharmacological compounds in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03035/fullSanghuanggenomicsCAZymesbioactive compound biosynthesistransporters |
| spellingShingle | Ying Shao Hongwei Guo Jianping Zhang Hui Liu Kun Wang Song Zuo Pengfei Xu Zhenrong Xia Qiumei Zhou Hanghang Zhang Xiangqing Wang Anhui Chen Yulong Wang The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites Frontiers in Microbiology Sanghuang genomics CAZymes bioactive compound biosynthesis transporters |
| title | The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites |
| title_full | The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites |
| title_fullStr | The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites |
| title_short | The Genome of the Medicinal Macrofungus Sanghuang Provides Insights Into the Synthesis of Diverse Secondary Metabolites |
| title_sort | genome of the medicinal macrofungus sanghuang provides insights into the synthesis of diverse secondary metabolites |
| topic | Sanghuang genomics CAZymes bioactive compound biosynthesis transporters |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03035/full |
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