Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks
The gold abundance in basic rocks, which normally varies between 0.5 and 5 ppb, has served as a very important indicator in many geoscience studies, including those focused on the planetary differentiation, redistribution of elements during the crustal process, and ore genesis. However, because gold...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1778 |
| _version_ | 1818019316229996544 |
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| author | Yan-hong Liu Bo Wan Ding-shuai Xue |
| author_facet | Yan-hong Liu Bo Wan Ding-shuai Xue |
| author_sort | Yan-hong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gold abundance in basic rocks, which normally varies between 0.5 and 5 ppb, has served as a very important indicator in many geoscience studies, including those focused on the planetary differentiation, redistribution of elements during the crustal process, and ore genesis. However, because gold is a monoisotopic element that exhibits a nugget effect, it is very difficult to quantify its ultra-low levels in rocks, which significantly limits our understanding of the origin of gold and its circulation between the Earth crust, mantle, and core. In this work, we summarize various sample digestion and combined preconcentration methods for the determination of gold amounts in rocks. They include fire assay, fire assay combined with Te coprecipitation and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, fusion combined with Te coprecipitation and anion exchange resins, dry chlorination, wet acid digestion combined with precipitation, ion exchange resins, solvent extraction, polyurethane foam, extraction chromatography, novel solid adsorbents, and direct determination by INAA. In addition, the faced challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:50:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cd2f2c97e2345cfb9b3f988933b3c6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:50:41Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cd2f2c97e2345cfb9b3f988933b3c6d2022-12-22T02:05:12ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-05-01249177810.3390/molecules24091778molecules24091778Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in RocksYan-hong Liu0Bo Wan1Ding-shuai Xue2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaThe gold abundance in basic rocks, which normally varies between 0.5 and 5 ppb, has served as a very important indicator in many geoscience studies, including those focused on the planetary differentiation, redistribution of elements during the crustal process, and ore genesis. However, because gold is a monoisotopic element that exhibits a nugget effect, it is very difficult to quantify its ultra-low levels in rocks, which significantly limits our understanding of the origin of gold and its circulation between the Earth crust, mantle, and core. In this work, we summarize various sample digestion and combined preconcentration methods for the determination of gold amounts in rocks. They include fire assay, fire assay combined with Te coprecipitation and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, fusion combined with Te coprecipitation and anion exchange resins, dry chlorination, wet acid digestion combined with precipitation, ion exchange resins, solvent extraction, polyurethane foam, extraction chromatography, novel solid adsorbents, and direct determination by INAA. In addition, the faced challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1778goldsample preparationpreconcentrationgeological samples |
| spellingShingle | Yan-hong Liu Bo Wan Ding-shuai Xue Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks Molecules gold sample preparation preconcentration geological samples |
| title | Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks |
| title_full | Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks |
| title_fullStr | Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks |
| title_short | Sample Digestion and Combined Preconcentration Methods for the Determination of Ultra-Low Gold Levels in Rocks |
| title_sort | sample digestion and combined preconcentration methods for the determination of ultra low gold levels in rocks |
| topic | gold sample preparation preconcentration geological samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1778 |
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