A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries
A lead acid battery is an old renewable battery that is usually discharged to deliver a high surge current to ignite a petrol-based engine. Nowadays, there are different improved versions of lead acid batteries that can deliver high energy densities with low maintenance costs. As the batteries are c...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1598 |
| _version_ | 1797621283943350272 |
|---|---|
| author | Chee Hiun Lee Jianhui Wong Yun Seng Lim |
| author_facet | Chee Hiun Lee Jianhui Wong Yun Seng Lim |
| author_sort | Chee Hiun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A lead acid battery is an old renewable battery that is usually discharged to deliver a high surge current to ignite a petrol-based engine. Nowadays, there are different improved versions of lead acid batteries that can deliver high energy densities with low maintenance costs. As the batteries are charged and discharged repeatedly over time, the amount of lead sulfate across the electrode plates grows, reducing the total surface areas of the plates and, thus, the rate of ionization between the electrolyte and the plate surfaces. The batteries then eventually come to the end of their service lives. Even with the improved versions, lead acid batteries are usually discarded at their retirement. However, if the retired batteries can be used for other purposes, the circular economy of the batteries can be improved significantly. It is therefore necessary to study the physical characteristics of the retired batteries and explore means of improving their charging and discharging capabilities. This paper presents research on improving the storage capability of retired lead acid batteries by applying different charging voltages across them. The results show that the electrode plates of the retired batteries become porous when a high charging voltage is applied, hence increasing the total surface area of the plate surfaces. The storage capability of the batteries is improved because the accumulated lead sulfate is removed from the electrode plates by the high charging voltage. As a result, the rate of ionization is increased, hence restoring the storing capability of the retired batteries to up to 71–89% of the original capacity rating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:53:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cda3ae41c5b44f5b36cdb9500e8c3eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:53:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cda3ae41c5b44f5b36cdb9500e8c3eb2023-11-16T20:15:04ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-02-01164159810.3390/en16041598A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid BatteriesChee Hiun Lee0Jianhui Wong1Yun Seng Lim2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaA lead acid battery is an old renewable battery that is usually discharged to deliver a high surge current to ignite a petrol-based engine. Nowadays, there are different improved versions of lead acid batteries that can deliver high energy densities with low maintenance costs. As the batteries are charged and discharged repeatedly over time, the amount of lead sulfate across the electrode plates grows, reducing the total surface areas of the plates and, thus, the rate of ionization between the electrolyte and the plate surfaces. The batteries then eventually come to the end of their service lives. Even with the improved versions, lead acid batteries are usually discarded at their retirement. However, if the retired batteries can be used for other purposes, the circular economy of the batteries can be improved significantly. It is therefore necessary to study the physical characteristics of the retired batteries and explore means of improving their charging and discharging capabilities. This paper presents research on improving the storage capability of retired lead acid batteries by applying different charging voltages across them. The results show that the electrode plates of the retired batteries become porous when a high charging voltage is applied, hence increasing the total surface area of the plate surfaces. The storage capability of the batteries is improved because the accumulated lead sulfate is removed from the electrode plates by the high charging voltage. As a result, the rate of ionization is increased, hence restoring the storing capability of the retired batteries to up to 71–89% of the original capacity rating.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1598discarded lead acid batterieshigh charging voltageporosity |
| spellingShingle | Chee Hiun Lee Jianhui Wong Yun Seng Lim A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries Energies discarded lead acid batteries high charging voltage porosity |
| title | A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries |
| title_full | A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries |
| title_short | A Novel Approach Using High Charging Voltage for the Restoration of Discarded Lead Acid Batteries |
| title_sort | novel approach using high charging voltage for the restoration of discarded lead acid batteries |
| topic | discarded lead acid batteries high charging voltage porosity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/4/1598 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cheehiunlee anovelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries AT jianhuiwong anovelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries AT yunsenglim anovelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries AT cheehiunlee novelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries AT jianhuiwong novelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries AT yunsenglim novelapproachusinghighchargingvoltagefortherestorationofdiscardedleadacidbatteries |