The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation
We provide a comprehensive description of the high-resolution version of the TM5-MP global chemistry transport model, which is to be employed for deriving highly resolved vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), and sulfur dioxid...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
| Online Access: | http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/10/721/2017/gmd-10-721-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818131204472307712 |
|---|---|
| author | J. E. Williams K. F. Boersma P. Le Sager W. W. Verstraeten |
| author_facet | J. E. Williams K. F. Boersma P. Le Sager W. W. Verstraeten |
| author_sort | J. E. Williams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We provide a comprehensive
description of the high-resolution version of the TM5-MP global chemistry
transport model, which is to be employed for deriving highly resolved
vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O),
and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) for use in satellite retrievals from platforms
such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Sentinel-5 Precursor,
and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (tropOMI). Comparing simulations
conducted at horizontal resolutions of 3° × 2° and
1° × 1° reveals differences of ±20 % exist in
the global seasonal distribution of <sup>222</sup>Rn, being larger near specific
coastal locations and tropical oceans. For tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>),
analysis of the chemical budget terms shows that the impact on globally
integrated photolysis rates is rather low, in spite of the higher spatial
variability of meteorological data fields from ERA-Interim at
1° × 1°. Surface concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> in
high-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> regions decrease between 5 and 10 % at
1° × 1° due to a reduction in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> recycling
terms and an increase in the associated titration term of O<sub>3</sub> by NO. At
1° × 1°, the net global stratosphere–troposphere
exchange of O<sub>3</sub> decreases by ∼ 7 %, with an associated shift in
the hemispheric gradient. By comparing NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and
peroxy-acetyl-nitrate (PAN) profiles against measurement composites, we show
that TM5-MP captures the vertical distribution of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and long-lived
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> reservoirs at background locations, again with modest changes at
1° × 1°. Comparing monthly mean distributions in
lightning NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and applying ERA-Interim convective mass fluxes, we show
that the vertical re-distribution of lightning NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> changes with enhanced
release of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the upper troposphere. We show that surface mixing
ratios in both NO and NO<sub>2</sub> are generally underestimated in both low- and
high-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> scenarios. For Europe, a negative bias exists for [NO] at the
surface across the whole domain, with lower biases at
1° × 1° at only ∼ 20 % of sites. For
NO<sub>2</sub>, biases are more variable, with lower (higher) biases at
1° × 1° occurring at ∼ 35 % ( ∼ 20 %)
of sites, with the remainder showing little change. For CH<sub>2</sub>O, the impact
of higher resolution on the chemical budget terms is rather modest, with
changes of less than 5 %. The simulated vertical distribution of CH<sub>2</sub>O
agrees reasonably well with measurements in pristine locations, although
column-integrated values are generally underestimated relative to satellite
measurements in polluted regions. For SO<sub>2</sub>, the performance at
1° × 1° is principally governed by the quality of
the emission inventory, with limited improvements in the site-specific
biases, with most showing no significant improvement. For the vertical
column, improvements near strong source regions occur which reduce the biases
in the integrated column. For remote regions missing biogenic source terms
are inferred. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:17:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cdb6dc53675435e9572cb77b014323a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T08:17:13Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscientific Model Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cdb6dc53675435e9572cb77b014323a2022-12-22T01:14:44ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032017-02-0110272175010.5194/gmd-10-721-2017The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validationJ. E. Williams0K. F. Boersma1P. Le Sager2W. W. Verstraeten3KNMI, De Bilt, the NetherlandsKNMI, De Bilt, the NetherlandsKNMI, De Bilt, the NetherlandsKNMI, De Bilt, the NetherlandsWe provide a comprehensive description of the high-resolution version of the TM5-MP global chemistry transport model, which is to be employed for deriving highly resolved vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), formaldehyde (CH<sub>2</sub>O), and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) for use in satellite retrievals from platforms such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Sentinel-5 Precursor, and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (tropOMI). Comparing simulations conducted at horizontal resolutions of 3° × 2° and 1° × 1° reveals differences of ±20 % exist in the global seasonal distribution of <sup>222</sup>Rn, being larger near specific coastal locations and tropical oceans. For tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), analysis of the chemical budget terms shows that the impact on globally integrated photolysis rates is rather low, in spite of the higher spatial variability of meteorological data fields from ERA-Interim at 1° × 1°. Surface concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> in high-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> regions decrease between 5 and 10 % at 1° × 1° due to a reduction in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> recycling terms and an increase in the associated titration term of O<sub>3</sub> by NO. At 1° × 1°, the net global stratosphere–troposphere exchange of O<sub>3</sub> decreases by ∼ 7 %, with an associated shift in the hemispheric gradient. By comparing NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and peroxy-acetyl-nitrate (PAN) profiles against measurement composites, we show that TM5-MP captures the vertical distribution of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and long-lived NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> reservoirs at background locations, again with modest changes at 1° × 1°. Comparing monthly mean distributions in lightning NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and applying ERA-Interim convective mass fluxes, we show that the vertical re-distribution of lightning NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> changes with enhanced release of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the upper troposphere. We show that surface mixing ratios in both NO and NO<sub>2</sub> are generally underestimated in both low- and high-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> scenarios. For Europe, a negative bias exists for [NO] at the surface across the whole domain, with lower biases at 1° × 1° at only ∼ 20 % of sites. For NO<sub>2</sub>, biases are more variable, with lower (higher) biases at 1° × 1° occurring at ∼ 35 % ( ∼ 20 %) of sites, with the remainder showing little change. For CH<sub>2</sub>O, the impact of higher resolution on the chemical budget terms is rather modest, with changes of less than 5 %. The simulated vertical distribution of CH<sub>2</sub>O agrees reasonably well with measurements in pristine locations, although column-integrated values are generally underestimated relative to satellite measurements in polluted regions. For SO<sub>2</sub>, the performance at 1° × 1° is principally governed by the quality of the emission inventory, with limited improvements in the site-specific biases, with most showing no significant improvement. For the vertical column, improvements near strong source regions occur which reduce the biases in the integrated column. For remote regions missing biogenic source terms are inferred.http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/10/721/2017/gmd-10-721-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. E. Williams K. F. Boersma P. Le Sager W. W. Verstraeten The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation Geoscientific Model Development |
| title | The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation |
| title_full | The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation |
| title_fullStr | The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation |
| title_short | The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation |
| title_sort | high resolution version of tm5 mp for optimized satellite retrievals description and validation |
| url | http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/10/721/2017/gmd-10-721-2017.pdf |
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