| Summary: | <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> is one of the most important cucurbitaceous vegetables due to its prolific bearing habit, its edibility as a cooked vegetable, and its low cost of cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation in the morpho-agronomic traits among selected landraces and their F<sub>1</sub> populations. The landraces were crossed based on the North Carolina II genetic design to develop F<sub>1</sub> populations. The twelve F<sub>1</sub> populations along with seven parental landraces were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed among quantitative traits suggesting considerable genetic variability. The genotypes displayed significant variation in most qualitative traits of fruits and seeds. The first five principal components of quantitative traits among the evaluated 19 genotypes contributed 74.84% of the variability. The biplot and dendrogram clustered the genotypes into five clusters according to their vegetative, fruit, and seed traits. The highest value for the broad-sense heritability estimate was recorded for days to edible harvest maturity trait. The F<sub>1</sub> progenies were more variable than the landraces and can therefore be used for further <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> genetic improvement.
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