Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea
Among techniques proposed to limit global warming, there is Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) which is aiming to increase Earth-atmosphere albedo by injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to reduce the solar radiation that reaches the earth. This study aims to assess the po...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Climate |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/4/87 |
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| author | Francis F. B. K. Ayissi Casimir Y. Da Allada Ezinvi Baloïtcha Simone Tilmes Peter J. Irvine |
| author_facet | Francis F. B. K. Ayissi Casimir Y. Da Allada Ezinvi Baloïtcha Simone Tilmes Peter J. Irvine |
| author_sort | Francis F. B. K. Ayissi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among techniques proposed to limit global warming, there is Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) which is aiming to increase Earth-atmosphere albedo by injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to reduce the solar radiation that reaches the earth. This study aims to assess the potential impact of SAG on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Northern Gulf of Guinea and its causes using GLENS (Geoengineering Large Ensemble) simulations performed under a high anthropogenic emission scenario (RCP8.5). Here, we focus on two dynamically different regions: Sassandra Upwelling in Côte d’Ivoire (SUC, located east of Cape Palmas) and Takoradi Upwelling in Ghana (TUG, located east of Cape Three Points). Results show that in the SUC region, under climate change, there is an increase in SST (referred to as the current climate) all year long (by 1.52 °C on average) mainly due to an increase in net heat flux (lead by the decrease in longwave radiation) and also in weak vertical mixing (caused by strong stratification which dominates the vertical shear). Under SAG, SST decreases all the seasonal cycle with its maximum in December (−0.4 °C) due to a reduction in the net heat flux (caused by a diminution of solar radiation) and an increase in vertical advection (due to an increase in vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity). In the TUG region, under climate change, SST warming is a little more intense than in the SUC region and SST changes are driven by an increase in the net heat flux and strong stratification. The cooling of the SST in TUG is similar to the SUC region, but contrary to this region, the cooling under SAG is not only explained by a decrease in the net heat flux but also by the remote forcing of wind changes at the western equatorial Atlantic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:07:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cf3138d31ee4abda695b529270b7864 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2225-1154 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:07:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Climate |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cf3138d31ee4abda695b529270b78642023-11-17T18:48:25ZengMDPI AGClimate2225-11542023-04-011148710.3390/cli11040087Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of GuineaFrancis F. B. K. Ayissi0Casimir Y. Da Allada1Ezinvi Baloïtcha2Simone Tilmes3Peter J. Irvine4International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA–UNESCO CHAIR), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP 2549, BeninInternational Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA–UNESCO CHAIR), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP 2549, BeninInternational Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA–UNESCO CHAIR), University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP 2549, BeninNational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USAEarth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKAmong techniques proposed to limit global warming, there is Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) which is aiming to increase Earth-atmosphere albedo by injecting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere in order to reduce the solar radiation that reaches the earth. This study aims to assess the potential impact of SAG on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Northern Gulf of Guinea and its causes using GLENS (Geoengineering Large Ensemble) simulations performed under a high anthropogenic emission scenario (RCP8.5). Here, we focus on two dynamically different regions: Sassandra Upwelling in Côte d’Ivoire (SUC, located east of Cape Palmas) and Takoradi Upwelling in Ghana (TUG, located east of Cape Three Points). Results show that in the SUC region, under climate change, there is an increase in SST (referred to as the current climate) all year long (by 1.52 °C on average) mainly due to an increase in net heat flux (lead by the decrease in longwave radiation) and also in weak vertical mixing (caused by strong stratification which dominates the vertical shear). Under SAG, SST decreases all the seasonal cycle with its maximum in December (−0.4 °C) due to a reduction in the net heat flux (caused by a diminution of solar radiation) and an increase in vertical advection (due to an increase in vertical temperature gradient and vertical velocity). In the TUG region, under climate change, SST warming is a little more intense than in the SUC region and SST changes are driven by an increase in the net heat flux and strong stratification. The cooling of the SST in TUG is similar to the SUC region, but contrary to this region, the cooling under SAG is not only explained by a decrease in the net heat flux but also by the remote forcing of wind changes at the western equatorial Atlantic.https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/4/87SSTGLENSSAGnorthern Gulf of GuineaRCP8.5 scenario |
| spellingShingle | Francis F. B. K. Ayissi Casimir Y. Da Allada Ezinvi Baloïtcha Simone Tilmes Peter J. Irvine Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea Climate SST GLENS SAG northern Gulf of Guinea RCP8.5 scenario |
| title | Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea |
| title_full | Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea |
| title_short | Impact of Stratospheric Geoengineering on Sea Surface Temperature in the Northern Gulf of Guinea |
| title_sort | impact of stratospheric geoengineering on sea surface temperature in the northern gulf of guinea |
| topic | SST GLENS SAG northern Gulf of Guinea RCP8.5 scenario |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/4/87 |
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