Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption
Recognizing the extreme speeds of reactions with microwaves, anionic forms of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)) have been intercalated successfully by ion-exchange reactions in binary Li-Al and ternary Li-M-Al (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) layered do...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/303 |
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| author | Dileep Kumar Yadav Sitharaman Uma Rajamani Nagarajan |
| author_facet | Dileep Kumar Yadav Sitharaman Uma Rajamani Nagarajan |
| author_sort | Dileep Kumar Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recognizing the extreme speeds of reactions with microwaves, anionic forms of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)) have been intercalated successfully by ion-exchange reactions in binary Li-Al and ternary Li-M-Al (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) layered double hydroxide (LDH) systems with the aid of microwaves. The samples have been characterized extensively. The basal spacings of 28.2 and 30.4 Å have been estimated for Li-Al-DS and Li-Al-DBS LDH samples, respectively, suggesting a perpendicular arrangement of DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup> anions in the interlayer space. The characteristic vibration bands of both LDH and the surfactant (DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup>) in the FTIR spectra confirmed the binding mode of surfactant molecules within the interlayers. DS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated Li-Al LDH showed lower thermal stability than the DBS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated sample. The nitrate-intercalated Li-M-Al (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) LDHs were ion-exchanged with SDS and SDBS to yield DS<sup>−</sup>-and DBS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated systems. The expanded basal spacings and a change in crystallite morphology confirmed the vertical intercalation of DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup> in Li-M-Al LDHs. ICP-AES and elemental analyses determined the metal contents and the surfactant content. FTIR spectra of intercalated samples confirmed the surfactant’s presence in the interlayer. The presence of Co, Ni, and Cu in Li-M-Al LDHs has been confirmed from UV-visible spectra. The Li-Al-DBS sample adsorbed iodine efficiently from methanol solutions, and the Langmuir model could explain the adsorption data in a better way. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:08Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3cfca766364847e094c30b0ee4c178742023-11-17T12:46:43ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-02-0113330310.3390/min13030303Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine AdsorptionDileep Kumar Yadav0Sitharaman Uma1Rajamani Nagarajan2Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, IndiaMaterials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, IndiaMaterials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, IndiaRecognizing the extreme speeds of reactions with microwaves, anionic forms of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)) have been intercalated successfully by ion-exchange reactions in binary Li-Al and ternary Li-M-Al (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) layered double hydroxide (LDH) systems with the aid of microwaves. The samples have been characterized extensively. The basal spacings of 28.2 and 30.4 Å have been estimated for Li-Al-DS and Li-Al-DBS LDH samples, respectively, suggesting a perpendicular arrangement of DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup> anions in the interlayer space. The characteristic vibration bands of both LDH and the surfactant (DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup>) in the FTIR spectra confirmed the binding mode of surfactant molecules within the interlayers. DS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated Li-Al LDH showed lower thermal stability than the DBS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated sample. The nitrate-intercalated Li-M-Al (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) LDHs were ion-exchanged with SDS and SDBS to yield DS<sup>−</sup>-and DBS<sup>−</sup>-intercalated systems. The expanded basal spacings and a change in crystallite morphology confirmed the vertical intercalation of DS<sup>−</sup> and DBS<sup>−</sup> in Li-M-Al LDHs. ICP-AES and elemental analyses determined the metal contents and the surfactant content. FTIR spectra of intercalated samples confirmed the surfactant’s presence in the interlayer. The presence of Co, Ni, and Cu in Li-M-Al LDHs has been confirmed from UV-visible spectra. The Li-Al-DBS sample adsorbed iodine efficiently from methanol solutions, and the Langmuir model could explain the adsorption data in a better way. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/303layered double hydroxidesmicrowave synthesision-exchange processsurfactant intercalationiodine adsorption |
| spellingShingle | Dileep Kumar Yadav Sitharaman Uma Rajamani Nagarajan Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption Minerals layered double hydroxides microwave synthesis ion-exchange process surfactant intercalation iodine adsorption |
| title | Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption |
| title_full | Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption |
| title_fullStr | Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption |
| title_short | Surfactant Intercalation in Li-Al-Based Binary and Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides by the Microwave-Assisted Rapid Ion-Exchange Process and Its Application in Iodine Adsorption |
| title_sort | surfactant intercalation in li al based binary and ternary layered double hydroxides by the microwave assisted rapid ion exchange process and its application in iodine adsorption |
| topic | layered double hydroxides microwave synthesis ion-exchange process surfactant intercalation iodine adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/3/303 |
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