The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult
Bone remodelling models (BRM) are often used to estimate the density distribution in bones from the loads they are subjected to. BRM define a relationship between a certain variable measuring the mechanical stimulus at each bone site and either the local density or the local variation of density. Th...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3367 |
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| author | José Luis Calvo-Gallego Fernando Gutiérrez-Millán Joaquín Ojeda María Ángeles Pérez Javier Martínez-Reina |
| author_facet | José Luis Calvo-Gallego Fernando Gutiérrez-Millán Joaquín Ojeda María Ángeles Pérez Javier Martínez-Reina |
| author_sort | José Luis Calvo-Gallego |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone remodelling models (BRM) are often used to estimate the density distribution in bones from the loads they are subjected to. BRM define a relationship between a certain variable measuring the mechanical stimulus at each bone site and either the local density or the local variation of density. This agrees with the Mechanostat Theory, which establishes that overloaded bones increase their density, while disused bones tend to decrease their density. Many variables have been proposed as mechanical stimuli, with stress or strain energy density (SED) being some of the most common. Yet, no compelling reason has been given to justify the choice of any of these variables. This work proposes a set of variables derived from the local stress and strain tensors as candidates for mechanical stimuli; then, this work correlates them to the density in the femur of one individual. The stress and strain tensors were obtained from a FE model and the density was obtained from a CT-scan, both belonging to the same individual. The variables that best correlate with density are the stresses. Strains are quite uniform across the femur and very poorly correlated with density, as is the SED, which is, therefore, not a good variable to measure the mechanical stimulus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3d041d4d687249c6aaa900613ae28264 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d041d4d687249c6aaa900613ae282642023-11-23T17:37:33ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-09-011018336710.3390/math10183367The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy AdultJosé Luis Calvo-Gallego0Fernando Gutiérrez-Millán1Joaquín Ojeda2María Ángeles Pérez3Javier Martínez-Reina4Departmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, SpainDepartmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, SpainDepartmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, SpainMultiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, SpainDepartmento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, SpainBone remodelling models (BRM) are often used to estimate the density distribution in bones from the loads they are subjected to. BRM define a relationship between a certain variable measuring the mechanical stimulus at each bone site and either the local density or the local variation of density. This agrees with the Mechanostat Theory, which establishes that overloaded bones increase their density, while disused bones tend to decrease their density. Many variables have been proposed as mechanical stimuli, with stress or strain energy density (SED) being some of the most common. Yet, no compelling reason has been given to justify the choice of any of these variables. This work proposes a set of variables derived from the local stress and strain tensors as candidates for mechanical stimuli; then, this work correlates them to the density in the femur of one individual. The stress and strain tensors were obtained from a FE model and the density was obtained from a CT-scan, both belonging to the same individual. The variables that best correlate with density are the stresses. Strains are quite uniform across the femur and very poorly correlated with density, as is the SED, which is, therefore, not a good variable to measure the mechanical stimulus.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3367bone remodellingmechanical stimuluscorrelationbone density distributionstrain energy densityabsolute maximum principal stress |
| spellingShingle | José Luis Calvo-Gallego Fernando Gutiérrez-Millán Joaquín Ojeda María Ángeles Pérez Javier Martínez-Reina The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult Mathematics bone remodelling mechanical stimulus correlation bone density distribution strain energy density absolute maximum principal stress |
| title | The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult |
| title_full | The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult |
| title_fullStr | The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult |
| title_short | The Correlation between Bone Density and Mechanical Variables in Bone Remodelling Models: Insights from a Case Study Corresponding to the Femur of a Healthy Adult |
| title_sort | correlation between bone density and mechanical variables in bone remodelling models insights from a case study corresponding to the femur of a healthy adult |
| topic | bone remodelling mechanical stimulus correlation bone density distribution strain energy density absolute maximum principal stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3367 |
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