Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria
Microcystins (MCs), Saxitoxins (STXs), and Cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) are some of the more well-known cyanotoxins. Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/4/258 |
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| author | Rita Cordeiro Joana Azevedo Rúben Luz Vitor Vasconcelos Vítor Gonçalves Amélia Fonseca |
| author_facet | Rita Cordeiro Joana Azevedo Rúben Luz Vitor Vasconcelos Vítor Gonçalves Amélia Fonseca |
| author_sort | Rita Cordeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microcystins (MCs), Saxitoxins (STXs), and Cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) are some of the more well-known cyanotoxins. Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA) for MCs, STX, and CYN production. A total of 157 strains were searched for <i>mcy</i>, <i>sxt,</i> and <i>cyr</i> producing genes by PCR, toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS/MS, and cyanotoxin-producing strains morphological identification and confirmation by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Cyanotoxin-producing genes were amplified in 13 strains and four were confirmed as toxin producers by ESI-LC-MS/MS. As expected <i>Aphanizomenon gracile</i> BACA0041 was confirmed as an STX producer, with amplification of genes <i>sxt</i>A, <i>sxt</i>G, <i>sxt</i>H, and <i>sxt</i>I, and <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> BACA0148 as an MC-LR producer, with amplification of genes <i>mcy</i>C, <i>mcy</i>D, <i>mcy</i>E, and <i>mcy</i>G. Two nostocalean strains, BACA0025 and BACA0031, were positive for both <i>cyr</i>B and <i>cyr</i>C genes and ESI-LC-MS/MS confirmed CYN production. Although these strains morphologically resemble <i>Sphaerospermopsis</i>, the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis reveals that they probably belong to a new genus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d05f29441574abd8878ab4c85cd71da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d05f29441574abd8878ab4c85cd71da2023-11-21T14:09:36ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-04-0113425810.3390/toxins13040258Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing CyanobacteriaRita Cordeiro0Joana Azevedo1Rúben Luz2Vitor Vasconcelos3Vítor Gonçalves4Amélia Fonseca5CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research—CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, PortugalMicrocystins (MCs), Saxitoxins (STXs), and Cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) are some of the more well-known cyanotoxins. Taking into consideration the impacts of cyanotoxins, many studies have focused on the identification of unknown cyanotoxin(s)-producing strains. This study aimed to screen strains from the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA) for MCs, STX, and CYN production. A total of 157 strains were searched for <i>mcy</i>, <i>sxt,</i> and <i>cyr</i> producing genes by PCR, toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS/MS, and cyanotoxin-producing strains morphological identification and confirmation by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. Cyanotoxin-producing genes were amplified in 13 strains and four were confirmed as toxin producers by ESI-LC-MS/MS. As expected <i>Aphanizomenon gracile</i> BACA0041 was confirmed as an STX producer, with amplification of genes <i>sxt</i>A, <i>sxt</i>G, <i>sxt</i>H, and <i>sxt</i>I, and <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> BACA0148 as an MC-LR producer, with amplification of genes <i>mcy</i>C, <i>mcy</i>D, <i>mcy</i>E, and <i>mcy</i>G. Two nostocalean strains, BACA0025 and BACA0031, were positive for both <i>cyr</i>B and <i>cyr</i>C genes and ESI-LC-MS/MS confirmed CYN production. Although these strains morphologically resemble <i>Sphaerospermopsis</i>, the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis reveals that they probably belong to a new genus.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/4/258microcystinsaxitoxincylindrospermopsinESI-LC-MS/MS16S rRNA phylogenyAzores |
| spellingShingle | Rita Cordeiro Joana Azevedo Rúben Luz Vitor Vasconcelos Vítor Gonçalves Amélia Fonseca Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria Toxins microcystin saxitoxin cylindrospermopsin ESI-LC-MS/MS 16S rRNA phylogeny Azores |
| title | Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria |
| title_full | Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria |
| title_fullStr | Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria |
| title_short | Cyanotoxin Screening in BACA Culture Collection: Identification of New Cylindrospermopsin Producing Cyanobacteria |
| title_sort | cyanotoxin screening in baca culture collection identification of new cylindrospermopsin producing cyanobacteria |
| topic | microcystin saxitoxin cylindrospermopsin ESI-LC-MS/MS 16S rRNA phylogeny Azores |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/4/258 |
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