Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves
The effects of a grain source (corn grain (CG) vs. barley grain (BG)) and starter protein content (19% vs. 22% CP, dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were evaluated in Holstein dairy calves. Forty 3-day-old female calves with a startin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/10/1722 |
| _version_ | 1797552888779636736 |
|---|---|
| author | Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi Mirzaei Mehdi HosseinYazdi Mohammad Hossein Moradi Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh Adel Pezeshki |
| author_facet | Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi Mirzaei Mehdi HosseinYazdi Mohammad Hossein Moradi Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh Adel Pezeshki |
| author_sort | Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of a grain source (corn grain (CG) vs. barley grain (BG)) and starter protein content (19% vs. 22% CP, dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were evaluated in Holstein dairy calves. Forty 3-day-old female calves with a starting body weight of 39.3 kg were subjected to four treatments in a completely randomized design with two by two factorial arrangements. Treatments were: (1) CG + 19% CP (CG-19CP); (2) CG + 22% CP (CG-22CP); (3) BG + 19% CP (BG-19CP); and (4) BG + 22% CP (BG-22CP). All calves were weaned at 59 days of age and remained in the study until 73 days of age. Starter and total DM intake were not affected by grain source and dietary protein content (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved, and ruminal total short-chain fatty acid, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were increased in BG calves compared to CG calves (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (d 71; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and acetate (d 35; <i>p</i> = 0.02) were increased in CG fed calves compared to BG. The greatest wither height (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and blood insulin concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.03) were seen in BG-22CP treatment. In conclusion, BG has marginal benefit in the height of calves when fed with diet containing 22% CP which may be recommendable in replacement heifer rearing programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d082ebc67bf4aa5811fa1c9aa7bf018 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d082ebc67bf4aa5811fa1c9aa7bf0182023-11-20T14:45:16ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-09-011010172210.3390/ani10101722Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy CalvesMehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari0Mehdi Mirzaei1Mehdi HosseinYazdi2Mohammad Hossein Moradi3Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh4Adel Pezeshki5Department of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, IranDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, OK, USAThe effects of a grain source (corn grain (CG) vs. barley grain (BG)) and starter protein content (19% vs. 22% CP, dry matter basis) on growth performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites were evaluated in Holstein dairy calves. Forty 3-day-old female calves with a starting body weight of 39.3 kg were subjected to four treatments in a completely randomized design with two by two factorial arrangements. Treatments were: (1) CG + 19% CP (CG-19CP); (2) CG + 22% CP (CG-22CP); (3) BG + 19% CP (BG-19CP); and (4) BG + 22% CP (BG-22CP). All calves were weaned at 59 days of age and remained in the study until 73 days of age. Starter and total DM intake were not affected by grain source and dietary protein content (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved, and ruminal total short-chain fatty acid, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were increased in BG calves compared to CG calves (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (d 71; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and acetate (d 35; <i>p</i> = 0.02) were increased in CG fed calves compared to BG. The greatest wither height (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and blood insulin concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.03) were seen in BG-22CP treatment. In conclusion, BG has marginal benefit in the height of calves when fed with diet containing 22% CP which may be recommendable in replacement heifer rearing programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/10/1722starch sourceprotein contentdairy calvesgrowthamino acidnitrogen efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi Mirzaei Mehdi HosseinYazdi Mohammad Hossein Moradi Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh Adel Pezeshki Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves Animals starch source protein content dairy calves growth amino acid nitrogen efficiency |
| title | Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves |
| title_full | Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves |
| title_fullStr | Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves |
| title_short | Effects of a Grain Source (Corn Versus Barley) and Starter Protein Content on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Calves |
| title_sort | effects of a grain source corn versus barley and starter protein content on performance ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in holstein dairy calves |
| topic | starch source protein content dairy calves growth amino acid nitrogen efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/10/1722 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mehdikazemibonchenari effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves AT mehdimirzaei effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves AT mehdihosseinyazdi effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves AT mohammadhosseinmoradi effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves AT mahdikhodaeimotlagh effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves AT adelpezeshki effectsofagrainsourcecornversusbarleyandstarterproteincontentonperformanceruminalfermentationandbloodmetabolitesinholsteindairycalves |