Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses
Cells in the body reside within the extracellular matrix (ECM), a three-dimensional environment that not only provides structural support for the cells, but also influences cellular processes, like migration and differentiation. The ECM and the cells continuously engage in a complex and highly dynam...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Smart Materials in Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590183422000102 |
| _version_ | 1811173272552734720 |
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| author | Maaike Bril Sebastian Fredrich Nicholas A. Kurniawan |
| author_facet | Maaike Bril Sebastian Fredrich Nicholas A. Kurniawan |
| author_sort | Maaike Bril |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cells in the body reside within the extracellular matrix (ECM), a three-dimensional environment that not only provides structural support for the cells, but also influences cellular processes, like migration and differentiation. The ECM and the cells continuously engage in a complex and highly dynamic interplay, shaping both the matrix as well as the cellular outcome. To study these dynamic, bidirectional interactions in a systematic manner, the ability to dynamically control cellular environments is highly desirable. Stimuli-responsive materials are a class of materials that have been engineered to respond to external cues, e.g., light, electricity, or magnetic field, and therefore hold fascinating potentials as an ideal experimental platform to introduce changing spatiotemporal signals to cells. Here, we review the state of the art in stimuli-responsive materials and their design strategies, with an emphasis on the dynamic introduction of physical and mechanical cues. The effects of such dynamic stimuli on the responses of living cells are examined on three different levels: cellular phenotypes, intracellular and cytoskeletal changes, and nuclear and epigenetic effects. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations as well as the potential outlooks in exploiting stimuli-responsive biomaterials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:45:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d0ab7d797d9446a9f0cd5fdb5ad9843 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:45:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Smart Materials in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d0ab7d797d9446a9f0cd5fdb5ad98432023-02-03T05:01:04ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Smart Materials in Medicine2590-18342022-01-013257273Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responsesMaaike Bril0Sebastian Fredrich1Nicholas A. Kurniawan2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the NetherlandsDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the NetherlandsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.Cells in the body reside within the extracellular matrix (ECM), a three-dimensional environment that not only provides structural support for the cells, but also influences cellular processes, like migration and differentiation. The ECM and the cells continuously engage in a complex and highly dynamic interplay, shaping both the matrix as well as the cellular outcome. To study these dynamic, bidirectional interactions in a systematic manner, the ability to dynamically control cellular environments is highly desirable. Stimuli-responsive materials are a class of materials that have been engineered to respond to external cues, e.g., light, electricity, or magnetic field, and therefore hold fascinating potentials as an ideal experimental platform to introduce changing spatiotemporal signals to cells. Here, we review the state of the art in stimuli-responsive materials and their design strategies, with an emphasis on the dynamic introduction of physical and mechanical cues. The effects of such dynamic stimuli on the responses of living cells are examined on three different levels: cellular phenotypes, intracellular and cytoskeletal changes, and nuclear and epigenetic effects. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations as well as the potential outlooks in exploiting stimuli-responsive biomaterials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590183422000102Stimuli-responsive materialsDynamic physical stimuliMechanobiologyExtracellular matrixCell migrationEpigenetics |
| spellingShingle | Maaike Bril Sebastian Fredrich Nicholas A. Kurniawan Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses Smart Materials in Medicine Stimuli-responsive materials Dynamic physical stimuli Mechanobiology Extracellular matrix Cell migration Epigenetics |
| title | Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| title_full | Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| title_fullStr | Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| title_short | Stimuli-responsive materials: A smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| title_sort | stimuli responsive materials a smart way to study dynamic cell responses |
| topic | Stimuli-responsive materials Dynamic physical stimuli Mechanobiology Extracellular matrix Cell migration Epigenetics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590183422000102 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maaikebril stimuliresponsivematerialsasmartwaytostudydynamiccellresponses AT sebastianfredrich stimuliresponsivematerialsasmartwaytostudydynamiccellresponses AT nicholasakurniawan stimuliresponsivematerialsasmartwaytostudydynamiccellresponses |