Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles
Chitin is an excellent material for the synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an elicitor and can form nanostructured materials. The application of chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) in plants can activate early defense responses associated with chitin. In this study, CNPs were synthesized by water in o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/607 |
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| author | Miguel López Elisa Miranda Cecilia Ramos Héctor García Andrónico Neira-Carrillo |
| author_facet | Miguel López Elisa Miranda Cecilia Ramos Héctor García Andrónico Neira-Carrillo |
| author_sort | Miguel López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chitin is an excellent material for the synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an elicitor and can form nanostructured materials. The application of chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) in plants can activate early defense responses associated with chitin. In this study, CNPs were synthesized by water in oil (W/O) emulsion using an aqueous chitin solution. The CNPs were characterized and used to evaluate the activation of genes related to early responses to chitin and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. The CNPs had an average size of 280 nm in diameter, a polydispersity of 0.299, a surface charge of 26.9 mV, and their chemical composition was corroborated by the disappearance of microaggregated CNPs treated with chitinases observed under a microscope. Seedlings treated with CNPs for one hour revealed increments in the expression of genes <i>STZ</i>, <i>ATL2</i>, and <i>MAPK3,</i> in contrast when they were treated with chitin oligomers, and no changes in gene <i>CERK1</i> was detected in both conditions. Finally, the synthesis of ROS mediated by CNPs was detected in seedlings, which was higher than those generated by the treatment of chitin oligomers. These results demonstrated the capability to generate CNPs by emulsion, which are capable of triggering responses related to early defense in <i>N. benthamiana</i> more efficiently than chitin oligomers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d1220a46e2342b482494223a9719ff7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d1220a46e2342b482494223a9719ff72023-11-19T23:59:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-05-019560710.3390/plants9050607Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin NanoparticlesMiguel López0Elisa Miranda1Cecilia Ramos2Héctor García3Andrónico Neira-Carrillo4Department of Biological Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, ChileDepartment of Molecular Biology, Laboratorios Diagnofruit Ltda., Ñuñoa, Santiago 7770273, ChileDepartment of Molecular Biology, Laboratorios Diagnofruit Ltda., Ñuñoa, Santiago 7770273, ChileDepartment of Molecular Biology, Laboratorios Diagnofruit Ltda., Ñuñoa, Santiago 7770273, ChileDepartment of Biological Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, ChileChitin is an excellent material for the synthesis of nanoparticles because it is an elicitor and can form nanostructured materials. The application of chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) in plants can activate early defense responses associated with chitin. In this study, CNPs were synthesized by water in oil (W/O) emulsion using an aqueous chitin solution. The CNPs were characterized and used to evaluate the activation of genes related to early responses to chitin and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. The CNPs had an average size of 280 nm in diameter, a polydispersity of 0.299, a surface charge of 26.9 mV, and their chemical composition was corroborated by the disappearance of microaggregated CNPs treated with chitinases observed under a microscope. Seedlings treated with CNPs for one hour revealed increments in the expression of genes <i>STZ</i>, <i>ATL2</i>, and <i>MAPK3,</i> in contrast when they were treated with chitin oligomers, and no changes in gene <i>CERK1</i> was detected in both conditions. Finally, the synthesis of ROS mediated by CNPs was detected in seedlings, which was higher than those generated by the treatment of chitin oligomers. These results demonstrated the capability to generate CNPs by emulsion, which are capable of triggering responses related to early defense in <i>N. benthamiana</i> more efficiently than chitin oligomers.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/607nanoparticleselicitoremulsionearly defense responsesPTIchitin |
| spellingShingle | Miguel López Elisa Miranda Cecilia Ramos Héctor García Andrónico Neira-Carrillo Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles Plants nanoparticles elicitor emulsion early defense responses PTI chitin |
| title | Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Activation of Early Defense Signals in Seedlings of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> Treated with Chitin Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | activation of early defense signals in seedlings of i nicotiana benthamiana i treated with chitin nanoparticles |
| topic | nanoparticles elicitor emulsion early defense responses PTI chitin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/607 |
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