Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and also different drying methods (oven-drying and freeze-drying) on the properties of acrylic acid (AA)/sodium alg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/4/273 |
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| author | Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam Mehdi Jonoobi Yahya Hamzeh Serena Danti |
| author_facet | Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam Mehdi Jonoobi Yahya Hamzeh Serena Danti |
| author_sort | Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and also different drying methods (oven-drying and freeze-drying) on the properties of acrylic acid (AA)/sodium alginate (SA) super absorbent polymers (SAPs). In addition, the presence of ammonium per sulfate as an initiator and <i>N-N</i> methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker were considered. Synthesized SAPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption and rheological properties (i.e., storage modulus and loss modulus) were also investigated. The results of FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated several types of interactions, such as hydrogen and esterification, between SA, AA and nanocellulose. SEM analysis revealed a microporous structure in the SAPs. All SAPs had a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC)/free swelling capacity (FSC) ≥ 69%. The absorption behavior showed that the oven-dried SAPs had superior (about 2×) CRC and FRC in different aqueous media compared to the freeze-dried counterparts. The freeze-dried SAPs showed increased rheological properties in comparison to the oven-dried ones, with SAPs containing BNC and CNC having the highest rheological properties, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that oven-dried SAPs containing CNC had better absorption properties than the other ones tested in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:15:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d14389e7a8d42699729195227e0e763 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:15:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d14389e7a8d42699729195227e0e7632023-11-24T15:50:38ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832022-12-0113427310.3390/jfb13040273Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent PolymersSaeed Ismaeilimoghadam0Mehdi Jonoobi1Yahya Hamzeh2Serena Danti3Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, IranDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, IranDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, IranDepartment of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and also different drying methods (oven-drying and freeze-drying) on the properties of acrylic acid (AA)/sodium alginate (SA) super absorbent polymers (SAPs). In addition, the presence of ammonium per sulfate as an initiator and <i>N-N</i> methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker were considered. Synthesized SAPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption and rheological properties (i.e., storage modulus and loss modulus) were also investigated. The results of FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated several types of interactions, such as hydrogen and esterification, between SA, AA and nanocellulose. SEM analysis revealed a microporous structure in the SAPs. All SAPs had a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC)/free swelling capacity (FSC) ≥ 69%. The absorption behavior showed that the oven-dried SAPs had superior (about 2×) CRC and FRC in different aqueous media compared to the freeze-dried counterparts. The freeze-dried SAPs showed increased rheological properties in comparison to the oven-dried ones, with SAPs containing BNC and CNC having the highest rheological properties, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that oven-dried SAPs containing CNC had better absorption properties than the other ones tested in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/4/273polysaccharidessuper absorbent polymersrheological propertiesporositynanocellulose |
| spellingShingle | Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam Mehdi Jonoobi Yahya Hamzeh Serena Danti Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers Journal of Functional Biomaterials polysaccharides super absorbent polymers rheological properties porosity nanocellulose |
| title | Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers |
| title_full | Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers |
| title_short | Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers |
| title_sort | effect of nanocellulose types on microporous acrylic acid sodium alginate super absorbent polymers |
| topic | polysaccharides super absorbent polymers rheological properties porosity nanocellulose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/13/4/273 |
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