Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization
Abstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all requir...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84415-2 |
| _version_ | 1818400790720544768 |
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| author | B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel |
| author_facet | B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel |
| author_sort | B. Spetzler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all require external magnetic bias fields for optimal operation, which is highly detrimental to their application. Here, we solve this problem by combining the delta-E effect with exchange biased multilayers and operate the resonator in a low-loss torsion mode. It is comprehensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically using various kinds of models. Due to the exchange bias, no external magnetic bias fields are required, but still low detection limits down to $${{\text{350 pT}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{350 pT}} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}$$ 350 pT / Hz at 25 Hz are achieved. The potential of this concept is demonstrated with a new operating scheme that permits simultaneous measurement and localization, which is especially desirable for typical biomedical inverse solution problems. The sensor is localized with a minimum spatial resolution of 1 cm while measuring a low-frequency magnetic test signal that can be well reconstructed. Overall, we demonstrate that this class of magnetic field sensors is a significant step towards first biomedical applications and compact large number sensor arrays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:42:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:42:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d204015a2e64787822749e3677258ea2022-12-21T23:10:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-03-0111111410.1038/s41598-021-84415-2Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localizationB. Spetzler0C. Bald1P. Durdaut2J. Reermann3C. Kirchhof4A. Teplyuk5D. Meyners6E. Quandt7M. Höft8G. Schmidt9F. Faupel10Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityInstitute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel UniversityAbstract Delta-E effect sensors are based on magnetoelectric resonators that detune in a magnetic field due to the delta-E effect of the magnetostrictive material. In recent years, such sensors have shown the potential to detect small amplitude and low-frequency magnetic fields. Yet, they all require external magnetic bias fields for optimal operation, which is highly detrimental to their application. Here, we solve this problem by combining the delta-E effect with exchange biased multilayers and operate the resonator in a low-loss torsion mode. It is comprehensively analyzed experimentally and theoretically using various kinds of models. Due to the exchange bias, no external magnetic bias fields are required, but still low detection limits down to $${{\text{350 pT}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{350 pT}} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} }}$$ 350 pT / Hz at 25 Hz are achieved. The potential of this concept is demonstrated with a new operating scheme that permits simultaneous measurement and localization, which is especially desirable for typical biomedical inverse solution problems. The sensor is localized with a minimum spatial resolution of 1 cm while measuring a low-frequency magnetic test signal that can be well reconstructed. Overall, we demonstrate that this class of magnetic field sensors is a significant step towards first biomedical applications and compact large number sensor arrays.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84415-2 |
| spellingShingle | B. Spetzler C. Bald P. Durdaut J. Reermann C. Kirchhof A. Teplyuk D. Meyners E. Quandt M. Höft G. Schmidt F. Faupel Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization Scientific Reports |
| title | Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| title_full | Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| title_fullStr | Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| title_short | Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| title_sort | exchange biased delta e effect enables the detection of low frequency pt magnetic fields with simultaneous localization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84415-2 |
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