Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings
Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a disorder caused by repetitive overloading, which leads to progressive posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) insufficiency. It mainly affects middle-aged women and occurs with foot pain, malalignment, and loss of function. After clinical examination, imaging pl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/2/225 |
| _version_ | 1827626795456790528 |
|---|---|
| author | Chiara Polichetti Maria Ilaria Borruto Francesco Lauriero Silvio Caravelli Massimiliano Mosca Giulio Maccauro Tommaso Greco Carlo Perisano |
| author_facet | Chiara Polichetti Maria Ilaria Borruto Francesco Lauriero Silvio Caravelli Massimiliano Mosca Giulio Maccauro Tommaso Greco Carlo Perisano |
| author_sort | Chiara Polichetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a disorder caused by repetitive overloading, which leads to progressive posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) insufficiency. It mainly affects middle-aged women and occurs with foot pain, malalignment, and loss of function. After clinical examination, imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of this pathology. Imaging allows confirmation of the diagnosis, monitoring of the disorder, outcome assessment and complication identification. Weight-bearing radiography of the foot and ankle are gold standard for the diagnosis of AAFD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is not routinely needed for the diagnosis; however, it can be used to evaluate the spring ligament and the degree of PTT damage which can help to guide surgical plans and management in patients with severe deformity. Ultrasonography (US) can be considered another helpful tool to evaluate the condition of the PTT and other soft-tissue structures. Computed Tomography (CT) provides enhanced, detailed visualization of the hindfoot, and it is useful both in the evaluation of bone abnormalities and in the accurate evaluation of measurements useful for diagnosis and post-surgical follow-up. Other state-of-the-art imaging examinations, like multiplanar weight-bearing imaging, are emerging as techniques for diagnosis and preoperative planning but are not yet standardized and their scope of application is not yet well defined. The aim of this review, performed through Pubmed and Web of Science databases, was to analyze the literature relating to the role of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of AAFD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d27ac07de4b41b89a8cd6db6c806d6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d27ac07de4b41b89a8cd6db6c806d6e2023-11-30T21:51:45ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-01-0113222510.3390/diagnostics13020225Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging FindingsChiara Polichetti0Maria Ilaria Borruto1Francesco Lauriero2Silvio Caravelli3Massimiliano Mosca4Giulio Maccauro5Tommaso Greco6Carlo Perisano7Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Ageing, Neurosciences, Head-Neck and Orthopedics Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyOrthopedics and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Ageing, Neurosciences, Head-Neck and Orthopedics Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Radiological and Hematological Science, Section of Radiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli—U.O.C. II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, ItalyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli—U.O.C. II Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, ItalyOrthopedics and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Ageing, Neurosciences, Head-Neck and Orthopedics Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyOrthopedics and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Ageing, Neurosciences, Head-Neck and Orthopedics Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyOrthopedics and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Ageing, Neurosciences, Head-Neck and Orthopedics Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyAdult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a disorder caused by repetitive overloading, which leads to progressive posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) insufficiency. It mainly affects middle-aged women and occurs with foot pain, malalignment, and loss of function. After clinical examination, imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of this pathology. Imaging allows confirmation of the diagnosis, monitoring of the disorder, outcome assessment and complication identification. Weight-bearing radiography of the foot and ankle are gold standard for the diagnosis of AAFD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is not routinely needed for the diagnosis; however, it can be used to evaluate the spring ligament and the degree of PTT damage which can help to guide surgical plans and management in patients with severe deformity. Ultrasonography (US) can be considered another helpful tool to evaluate the condition of the PTT and other soft-tissue structures. Computed Tomography (CT) provides enhanced, detailed visualization of the hindfoot, and it is useful both in the evaluation of bone abnormalities and in the accurate evaluation of measurements useful for diagnosis and post-surgical follow-up. Other state-of-the-art imaging examinations, like multiplanar weight-bearing imaging, are emerging as techniques for diagnosis and preoperative planning but are not yet standardized and their scope of application is not yet well defined. The aim of this review, performed through Pubmed and Web of Science databases, was to analyze the literature relating to the role of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of AAFD.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/2/225foot and ankleadult acquired flatfoot deformityprogressive collapsing foot deformityimagingweight bearing CTposterior tibial tendon |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Polichetti Maria Ilaria Borruto Francesco Lauriero Silvio Caravelli Massimiliano Mosca Giulio Maccauro Tommaso Greco Carlo Perisano Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings Diagnostics foot and ankle adult acquired flatfoot deformity progressive collapsing foot deformity imaging weight bearing CT posterior tibial tendon |
| title | Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings |
| title_full | Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings |
| title_fullStr | Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings |
| title_short | Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Narrative Review about Imaging Findings |
| title_sort | adult acquired flatfoot deformity a narrative review about imaging findings |
| topic | foot and ankle adult acquired flatfoot deformity progressive collapsing foot deformity imaging weight bearing CT posterior tibial tendon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/2/225 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chiarapolichetti adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT mariailariaborruto adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT francescolauriero adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT silviocaravelli adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT massimilianomosca adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT giuliomaccauro adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT tommasogreco adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings AT carloperisano adultacquiredflatfootdeformityanarrativereviewaboutimagingfindings |