Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China
<p>The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is very small, but its content varies greatly in different humidity areas. The change in water vapor will affect the transmission of microwave link signals, and most of the water vapor is concentrated in the lower layer, so the water vapor density...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-03-01
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| Colecção: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Acesso em linha: | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/15/1675/2022/amt-15-1675-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1831564033003618304 |
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| author | S. Zheng J. Huo J. Huo J. Huo W. Cai Y. Zhang P. Li G. Zhang G. Zhang B. Ji B. Ji J. Zhou C. Han C. Han C. Han |
| author_facet | S. Zheng J. Huo J. Huo J. Huo W. Cai Y. Zhang P. Li G. Zhang G. Zhang B. Ji B. Ji J. Zhou C. Han C. Han C. Han |
| author_sort | S. Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is very small, but its content varies greatly in different humidity areas. The change in water vapor will affect the transmission of microwave link signals, and most of the water vapor is concentrated in the lower layer, so the water vapor density can be measured by the change in the near-ground microwave link transmission signal. This study collected 1-year data of the E-band millimeter wave link in Hebei, China, and used a model based on the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to estimate the water vapor density. An improved method of extracting the water-vapor-induced attenuation value is also introduced. It has a higher time resolution, and the estimation error is lower than the previous method. In addition, this paper conducts the seasonal analysis of water vapor inversion for the first time. The monthly and seasonal evaluation index results show a high correlation between the retrieved water vapor density and the actual water vapor density value measured by the local weather station. The correlation value for the whole year is up to 0.95, the root mean square error is as low as 0.35 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, and the average relative error is as low as 5.00 %. Compared with European
Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis, the correlation of the daily water vapor density estimation of the link has increased by 0.17, the root mean square error has been reduced by 3.14 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, and the mean relative error has been reduced by 34.00 %. This research shows that millimeter wave backhaul link provides high-precision data for the measurement of water vapor density and has a positive effect on future weather forecast research.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T11:04:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d34ad448e92459db1e23e8e219e88c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T11:04:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d34ad448e92459db1e23e8e219e88c92022-12-21T21:51:36ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482022-03-01151675168710.5194/amt-15-1675-2022Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North ChinaS. Zheng0J. Huo1J. Huo2J. Huo3W. Cai4Y. Zhang5P. Li6G. Zhang7G. Zhang8B. Ji9B. Ji10J. Zhou11C. Han12C. Han13C. Han14School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaElectronics and Communication Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaXianghe Observatory of Whole Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianghe 065400, ChinaDepartment 12, Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaDepartment 12, Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaElectronics and Communication Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaElectronics and Communication Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UKElectronics and Communication Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaXianghe Observatory of Whole Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianghe 065400, China<p>The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is very small, but its content varies greatly in different humidity areas. The change in water vapor will affect the transmission of microwave link signals, and most of the water vapor is concentrated in the lower layer, so the water vapor density can be measured by the change in the near-ground microwave link transmission signal. This study collected 1-year data of the E-band millimeter wave link in Hebei, China, and used a model based on the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to estimate the water vapor density. An improved method of extracting the water-vapor-induced attenuation value is also introduced. It has a higher time resolution, and the estimation error is lower than the previous method. In addition, this paper conducts the seasonal analysis of water vapor inversion for the first time. The monthly and seasonal evaluation index results show a high correlation between the retrieved water vapor density and the actual water vapor density value measured by the local weather station. The correlation value for the whole year is up to 0.95, the root mean square error is as low as 0.35 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, and the average relative error is as low as 5.00 %. Compared with European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis, the correlation of the daily water vapor density estimation of the link has increased by 0.17, the root mean square error has been reduced by 3.14 g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, and the mean relative error has been reduced by 34.00 %. This research shows that millimeter wave backhaul link provides high-precision data for the measurement of water vapor density and has a positive effect on future weather forecast research.</p>https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/15/1675/2022/amt-15-1675-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Zheng J. Huo J. Huo J. Huo W. Cai Y. Zhang P. Li G. Zhang G. Zhang B. Ji B. Ji J. Zhou C. Han C. Han C. Han Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China |
| title_full | Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China |
| title_fullStr | Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China |
| title_short | Water vapor estimation based on 1-year data of E-band millimeter wave link in North China |
| title_sort | water vapor estimation based on 1 year data of e band millimeter wave link in north china |
| url | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/15/1675/2022/amt-15-1675-2022.pdf |
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