Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs
Inactivated whole-virus vaccines are widely used for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Their production requires the growth of large quantities of virulent FMD virus in biocontainment facilities, which is expensive and carries the risk of an inadvertent release of virus. Attenuated recomb...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Serie: | Pathogens |
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| Länkar: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/129 |
| _version_ | 1828109685361737728 |
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| author | Michael Eschbaumer Veronika Dill Jolene C. Carlson Jonathan Arzt Carolina Stenfeldt Peter W. Krug John M. Hardham Jacob E. Stegner Luis L. Rodriguez Elizabeth Rieder |
| author_facet | Michael Eschbaumer Veronika Dill Jolene C. Carlson Jonathan Arzt Carolina Stenfeldt Peter W. Krug John M. Hardham Jacob E. Stegner Luis L. Rodriguez Elizabeth Rieder |
| author_sort | Michael Eschbaumer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inactivated whole-virus vaccines are widely used for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Their production requires the growth of large quantities of virulent FMD virus in biocontainment facilities, which is expensive and carries the risk of an inadvertent release of virus. Attenuated recombinant viruses lacking the leader protease coding region have been proposed as a safer alternative for the production of inactivated FMD vaccines (Uddowla et al., 2012, <i>J Virol</i> 86:11675-85). In addition to the leader deletion, the marker vaccine virus FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> encodes amino acid substitutions in the viral proteins 3B and 3D that allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals and has been previously shown to be effective in cattle and pigs. In the present study, two groups of six pigs each were inoculated with live FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> virus either intradermally into the heel bulb (IDHB) or by intra-oropharyngeal (IOP) deposition. The animals were observed for 3 or 5 days after inoculation, respectively. Serum, oral and nasal swabs were collected daily and a thorough postmortem examination with tissue collection was performed at the end of the experiment. None of the animals had any signs of disease or virus shedding. Virus was reisolated from only one serum sample (IDHB group, sample taken on day 1) and one piece of heel bulb skin from the inoculation site of another animal (IDHB group, necropsy on day 3), confirming that FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> is highly attenuated in pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:07:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3d4b93e6283a4a088964555b51a42fb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:07:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3d4b93e6283a4a088964555b51a42fb82022-12-22T04:28:16ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-02-019212910.3390/pathogens9020129pathogens9020129Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in PigsMichael Eschbaumer0Veronika Dill1Jolene C. Carlson2Jonathan Arzt3Carolina Stenfeldt4Peter W. Krug5John M. Hardham6Jacob E. Stegner7Luis L. Rodriguez8Elizabeth Rieder9Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems 17493, GermanyPlum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USAZoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USAZoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USAPlum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS, Orient, NY 11957, USAInactivated whole-virus vaccines are widely used for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Their production requires the growth of large quantities of virulent FMD virus in biocontainment facilities, which is expensive and carries the risk of an inadvertent release of virus. Attenuated recombinant viruses lacking the leader protease coding region have been proposed as a safer alternative for the production of inactivated FMD vaccines (Uddowla et al., 2012, <i>J Virol</i> 86:11675-85). In addition to the leader deletion, the marker vaccine virus FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> encodes amino acid substitutions in the viral proteins 3B and 3D that allow the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals and has been previously shown to be effective in cattle and pigs. In the present study, two groups of six pigs each were inoculated with live FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> virus either intradermally into the heel bulb (IDHB) or by intra-oropharyngeal (IOP) deposition. The animals were observed for 3 or 5 days after inoculation, respectively. Serum, oral and nasal swabs were collected daily and a thorough postmortem examination with tissue collection was performed at the end of the experiment. None of the animals had any signs of disease or virus shedding. Virus was reisolated from only one serum sample (IDHB group, sample taken on day 1) and one piece of heel bulb skin from the inoculation site of another animal (IDHB group, necropsy on day 3), confirming that FMDV LL3B<sub>PVKV</sub>3D<sub>YR</sub> A<sub>24</sub> is highly attenuated in pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/129leaderlessmarker virusattenuatedfoot-and-mouth disease virusdiva |
| spellingShingle | Michael Eschbaumer Veronika Dill Jolene C. Carlson Jonathan Arzt Carolina Stenfeldt Peter W. Krug John M. Hardham Jacob E. Stegner Luis L. Rodriguez Elizabeth Rieder Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs Pathogens leaderless marker virus attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus diva |
| title | Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs |
| title_full | Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs |
| title_short | Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lacking the Leader Protein and Containing Two Negative DIVA Markers (FMDV LL3B3D A<sub>24</sub>) Is Highly Attenuated in Pigs |
| title_sort | foot and mouth disease virus lacking the leader protein and containing two negative diva markers fmdv ll3b3d a sub 24 sub is highly attenuated in pigs |
| topic | leaderless marker virus attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus diva |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/2/129 |
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