| Summary: | Introduction: In the absence of head-to-head trials comparing immunotherapies for advanced
nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NsqNSCLC), a network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to
compare the relative efficacy of these treatments. Materials & methods: A systematic literature review of
randomized controlled trials evaluating first-line-to-progression and second-line treatments for advanced
NsqNSCLC informed Bayesian NMAs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) end points.
Results: Among first-line-to-progression treatments, pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum showed
the greatest OS benefit versus other regimens and a PFS benefit versus all but three regimens. Among
second-line treatments, an OS benefit was seen for atezolizumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab versus
docetaxel. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum showed the maximum OS benefit in
the first-line setting. In the second-line setting, anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monotherapies were better than
docetaxel.
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