Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults
Rural young adults may be more averse to receiving a COVID-19 immunization than urban young adults. We aimed to assess differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for rural, compared with urban, young adults and characterize modifiable factors.This cross-sectional online survey collected demographic d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Preventive Medicine Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522001528 |
| _version_ | 1818478080501481472 |
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| author | Sara Mann Kaila Christini Yan Chai Chun-Pin Chang Mia Hashibe Deanna Kepka |
| author_facet | Sara Mann Kaila Christini Yan Chai Chun-Pin Chang Mia Hashibe Deanna Kepka |
| author_sort | Sara Mann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rural young adults may be more averse to receiving a COVID-19 immunization than urban young adults. We aimed to assess differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for rural, compared with urban, young adults and characterize modifiable factors.This cross-sectional online survey collected demographic data, vaccination attitudes, and COVID-19 impacts from 2937 young adults, ages 18–26 years, across the western U.S. from October 2020 to April 2021. Rurality was determined by participants’ zip code and classified using the rural and urban continuum codes (RUCC). Multivariable logistic regression described adjusted (age, gender, race and ethnicity, being a current student, and month of survey) odds of self-reported intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccination by rurality. Mediation analysis was used to decompose total effects into average direct effects and average causal mediation (indirect) effects.Rural participants had 40% lower odds than urban participants of intending to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after adjustments (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.50–0.76]). The direct effect remained (P < 0.001), but was mediated by both education (8.3%, P < 0.001) and month in which the survey was taken (23.5%, P < 0.001). We observed a divergence after December 2020 in vaccination intent between rural and urban young adults that widened over time.Hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was greater among rural, compared with urban young adults, and grew disproportionally after December 2020. Mediation by whether one was a current student or not suggests differences in sources of information for vaccination decision-making, and highlights areas for addressing vaccine hesitancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:43:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d58dac3a15c489c88bf024fa662a497 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3355 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:43:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Preventive Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d58dac3a15c489c88bf024fa662a4972022-12-22T01:53:55ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552022-08-0128101845Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adultsSara Mann0Kaila Christini1Yan Chai2Chun-Pin Chang3Mia Hashibe4Deanna Kepka5University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USAHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Corresponding author at: 2000 Circle of Hope, Rm 4144, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USAHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USAHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USAHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USARural young adults may be more averse to receiving a COVID-19 immunization than urban young adults. We aimed to assess differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for rural, compared with urban, young adults and characterize modifiable factors.This cross-sectional online survey collected demographic data, vaccination attitudes, and COVID-19 impacts from 2937 young adults, ages 18–26 years, across the western U.S. from October 2020 to April 2021. Rurality was determined by participants’ zip code and classified using the rural and urban continuum codes (RUCC). Multivariable logistic regression described adjusted (age, gender, race and ethnicity, being a current student, and month of survey) odds of self-reported intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccination by rurality. Mediation analysis was used to decompose total effects into average direct effects and average causal mediation (indirect) effects.Rural participants had 40% lower odds than urban participants of intending to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after adjustments (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.50–0.76]). The direct effect remained (P < 0.001), but was mediated by both education (8.3%, P < 0.001) and month in which the survey was taken (23.5%, P < 0.001). We observed a divergence after December 2020 in vaccination intent between rural and urban young adults that widened over time.Hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was greater among rural, compared with urban young adults, and grew disproportionally after December 2020. Mediation by whether one was a current student or not suggests differences in sources of information for vaccination decision-making, and highlights areas for addressing vaccine hesitancy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522001528Vaccine hesitancyRural health behavior and health disparitiesYoung adult healthCOVID-19 vaccinationMediation |
| spellingShingle | Sara Mann Kaila Christini Yan Chai Chun-Pin Chang Mia Hashibe Deanna Kepka Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults Preventive Medicine Reports Vaccine hesitancy Rural health behavior and health disparities Young adult health COVID-19 vaccination Mediation |
| title | Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults |
| title_full | Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults |
| title_short | Vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 immunization among rural young adults |
| title_sort | vaccine hesitancy and covid 19 immunization among rural young adults |
| topic | Vaccine hesitancy Rural health behavior and health disparities Young adult health COVID-19 vaccination Mediation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522001528 |
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