Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020
Snow cover phenology has exhibited dramatic changes in the past decades. However, the distribution and attribution of the hemispheric scale snow cover phenology anomalies remain unclear. Using satellite-retrieved snow cover products, ground observations, and reanalysis climate variables, this study...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1843 |
| _version_ | 1827693053985423360 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaona Chen Yaping Yang Yingzhao Ma Huan Li |
| author_facet | Xiaona Chen Yaping Yang Yingzhao Ma Huan Li |
| author_sort | Xiaona Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Snow cover phenology has exhibited dramatic changes in the past decades. However, the distribution and attribution of the hemispheric scale snow cover phenology anomalies remain unclear. Using satellite-retrieved snow cover products, ground observations, and reanalysis climate variables, this study explored the distribution and attribution of snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days over the Northern Hemisphere from 2001 to 2020. The latitudinal and altitudinal distributions of the 20-year averaged snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days are well represented by satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes. The validation results by using 850 ground snow stations demonstrated that satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes capture the spatial variability of the snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days at the 95% significance level during the overlapping period of 2001–2017. Moreover, a delayed snow onset date and an earlier snow end date (1.12 days decade<sup>−1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.05) are detected over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 based on the satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes. In addition, the attribution analysis indicated that snow end date dominates snow cover phenology changes and that an increased melting season temperature is the key driving factor of snow end date anomalies over the NH during 2001–2020. These results are helpful in understanding recent snow cover change and can contribute to climate projection studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:35:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d5d6c3907284439b1e0b3961d8895d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:35:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d5d6c3907284439b1e0b3961d8895d32023-11-21T18:53:24ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-05-01139184310.3390/rs13091843Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020Xiaona Chen0Yaping Yang1Yingzhao Ma2Huan Li3State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSnow cover phenology has exhibited dramatic changes in the past decades. However, the distribution and attribution of the hemispheric scale snow cover phenology anomalies remain unclear. Using satellite-retrieved snow cover products, ground observations, and reanalysis climate variables, this study explored the distribution and attribution of snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days over the Northern Hemisphere from 2001 to 2020. The latitudinal and altitudinal distributions of the 20-year averaged snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days are well represented by satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes. The validation results by using 850 ground snow stations demonstrated that satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes capture the spatial variability of the snow onset date, snow end date, and snow duration days at the 95% significance level during the overlapping period of 2001–2017. Moreover, a delayed snow onset date and an earlier snow end date (1.12 days decade<sup>−1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.05) are detected over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 based on the satellite-retrieved snow cover phenology matrixes. In addition, the attribution analysis indicated that snow end date dominates snow cover phenology changes and that an increased melting season temperature is the key driving factor of snow end date anomalies over the NH during 2001–2020. These results are helpful in understanding recent snow cover change and can contribute to climate projection studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1843snow cover phenologyattribution analysisNorthern Hemisphere |
| spellingShingle | Xiaona Chen Yaping Yang Yingzhao Ma Huan Li Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 Remote Sensing snow cover phenology attribution analysis Northern Hemisphere |
| title | Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 |
| title_full | Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 |
| title_short | Distribution and Attribution of Terrestrial Snow Cover Phenology Changes over the Northern Hemisphere during 2001–2020 |
| title_sort | distribution and attribution of terrestrial snow cover phenology changes over the northern hemisphere during 2001 2020 |
| topic | snow cover phenology attribution analysis Northern Hemisphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/9/1843 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaonachen distributionandattributionofterrestrialsnowcoverphenologychangesoverthenorthernhemisphereduring20012020 AT yapingyang distributionandattributionofterrestrialsnowcoverphenologychangesoverthenorthernhemisphereduring20012020 AT yingzhaoma distributionandattributionofterrestrialsnowcoverphenologychangesoverthenorthernhemisphereduring20012020 AT huanli distributionandattributionofterrestrialsnowcoverphenologychangesoverthenorthernhemisphereduring20012020 |