Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation
Nociceptive information is transmitted from the periphery to the cerebral cortex mainly by action potential (AP) conduction in nerve fibers and chemical transmission at synapses. Although this nociceptive transmission is largely inhibited at synapses by analgesics and their adjuvants, it is possible...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/4/62 |
| _version_ | 1827719265986281472 |
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| author | Eiichi Kumamoto |
| author_facet | Eiichi Kumamoto |
| author_sort | Eiichi Kumamoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nociceptive information is transmitted from the periphery to the cerebral cortex mainly by action potential (AP) conduction in nerve fibers and chemical transmission at synapses. Although this nociceptive transmission is largely inhibited at synapses by analgesics and their adjuvants, it is possible that the antinociceptive drugs inhibit nerve AP conduction, contributing to their antinociceptive effects. Many of the drugs are reported to inhibit the nerve conduction of AP and voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels involved in its production. Compound action potential (CAP) is a useful measure to know whether drugs act on nerve AP conduction. Clinically-used analgesics and analgesic adjuvants (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonists, antiepileptics, antidepressants and local anesthetics) were found to inhibit fast-conducting CAPs recorded from the frog sciatic nerve by using the air-gap method. Similar actions were produced by antinociceptive plant-derived chemicals. Their inhibitory actions depended on the concentrations and chemical structures of the drugs. This review article will mention the inhibitory actions of the antinociceptive compounds on CAPs in frog and mammalian peripheral (particularly, sciatic) nerves and on voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels involved in AP production. Nerve AP conduction inhibition produced by analgesics and analgesic adjuvants is suggested to contribute to at least a part of their antinociceptive effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:39:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d6a0d1f2b424483b416d3ebeb42f4a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:39:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d6a0d1f2b424483b416d3ebeb42f4a52023-11-19T20:46:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-04-011346210.3390/ph13040062Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain AlleviationEiichi Kumamoto0Department of Physiology, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, JapanNociceptive information is transmitted from the periphery to the cerebral cortex mainly by action potential (AP) conduction in nerve fibers and chemical transmission at synapses. Although this nociceptive transmission is largely inhibited at synapses by analgesics and their adjuvants, it is possible that the antinociceptive drugs inhibit nerve AP conduction, contributing to their antinociceptive effects. Many of the drugs are reported to inhibit the nerve conduction of AP and voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels involved in its production. Compound action potential (CAP) is a useful measure to know whether drugs act on nerve AP conduction. Clinically-used analgesics and analgesic adjuvants (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonists, antiepileptics, antidepressants and local anesthetics) were found to inhibit fast-conducting CAPs recorded from the frog sciatic nerve by using the air-gap method. Similar actions were produced by antinociceptive plant-derived chemicals. Their inhibitory actions depended on the concentrations and chemical structures of the drugs. This review article will mention the inhibitory actions of the antinociceptive compounds on CAPs in frog and mammalian peripheral (particularly, sciatic) nerves and on voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> channels involved in AP production. Nerve AP conduction inhibition produced by analgesics and analgesic adjuvants is suggested to contribute to at least a part of their antinociceptive effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/4/62analgesicanalgesic adjuvantantinociceptionnerve conductionsciatic nervecompound action potential |
| spellingShingle | Eiichi Kumamoto Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation Pharmaceuticals analgesic analgesic adjuvant antinociception nerve conduction sciatic nerve compound action potential |
| title | Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation |
| title_full | Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation |
| title_short | Inhibition of Fast Nerve Conduction Produced by Analgesics and Analgesic Adjuvants—Possible Involvement in Pain Alleviation |
| title_sort | inhibition of fast nerve conduction produced by analgesics and analgesic adjuvants possible involvement in pain alleviation |
| topic | analgesic analgesic adjuvant antinociception nerve conduction sciatic nerve compound action potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/4/62 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eiichikumamoto inhibitionoffastnerveconductionproducedbyanalgesicsandanalgesicadjuvantspossibleinvolvementinpainalleviation |