Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. <i>Arbutus unedo</i> wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceut...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1785 |
| _version_ | 1797544464353329152 |
|---|---|
| author | Valentina Macchioni Veronica Santarelli Katya Carbone |
| author_facet | Valentina Macchioni Veronica Santarelli Katya Carbone |
| author_sort | Valentina Macchioni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. <i>Arbutus unedo</i> wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of <i>A. unedo</i> were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g<sup>−1</sup> (for P1 and P2, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS<sup>•+</sup>), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH<sup>•</sup>) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC<sub>50</sub>: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, for DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup>, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for <i>A. unedo</i> fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:01:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d70edd142a44bc3aed39d2385a91e86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:01:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d70edd142a44bc3aed39d2385a91e862023-11-21T01:03:55ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-12-01912178510.3390/plants9121785Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric ApproachValentina Macchioni0Veronica Santarelli1Katya Carbone2CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyCREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, ItalyNowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. <i>Arbutus unedo</i> wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of <i>A. unedo</i> were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g<sup>−1</sup> (for P1 and P2, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS<sup>•+</sup>), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH<sup>•</sup>) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC<sub>50</sub>: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, for DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup>, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for <i>A. unedo</i> fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1785<i>A. unedo</i>strawberry tree fruitpolyphenolsnutraceuticalswild berriesantiradical capacity |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Macchioni Veronica Santarelli Katya Carbone Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach Plants <i>A. unedo</i> strawberry tree fruit polyphenols nutraceuticals wild berries antiradical capacity |
| title | Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_full | Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_short | Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild <i>Arbutus unedo</i> L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach |
| title_sort | phytochemical profile antiradical capacity and α glucosidase inhibitory potential of wild i arbutus unedo i l fruits from central italy a chemometric approach |
| topic | <i>A. unedo</i> strawberry tree fruit polyphenols nutraceuticals wild berries antiradical capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1785 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT valentinamacchioni phytochemicalprofileantiradicalcapacityandaglucosidaseinhibitorypotentialofwildiarbutusunedoilfruitsfromcentralitalyachemometricapproach AT veronicasantarelli phytochemicalprofileantiradicalcapacityandaglucosidaseinhibitorypotentialofwildiarbutusunedoilfruitsfromcentralitalyachemometricapproach AT katyacarbone phytochemicalprofileantiradicalcapacityandaglucosidaseinhibitorypotentialofwildiarbutusunedoilfruitsfromcentralitalyachemometricapproach |