Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method
This work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on the long-term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998–2007) established at seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on the one hand sur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2013-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/11351/2013/acp-13-11351-2013.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828330402471739392 |
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| author | M. Adon C. Galy-Lacaux C. Delon V. Yoboue F. Solmon A. T. Kaptue Tchuente |
| author_facet | M. Adon C. Galy-Lacaux C. Delon V. Yoboue F. Solmon A. T. Kaptue Tchuente |
| author_sort | M. Adon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on
the long-term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998–2007) established at
seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry
deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on the one hand
surface measurements of gas concentrations (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>,
SO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) and on the other hand modeled exchange rates. Dry
deposition velocities (<i>V</i><sub>d</sub>) were calculated using the big-leaf model of
Zhang et al. (2003b). The bidirectional approach is used for NH<sub>3</sub>
surface–atmosphere exchange (Zhang et al., 2010). Surface and meteorological
conditions specific to IDAF sites have been used in the models of
deposition. The seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry
deposition fluxes (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>) are
analyzed.
<br><br>
Along the latitudinal transect of ecosystems, the annual mean dry deposition
fluxes of nitrogen compounds range from −0.4 to −0.8 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>
for NO<sub>2</sub>, from −0.7 to −1.0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> for HNO<sub>3</sub> and
from −0.7 to −8.3 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> for NH<sub>3</sub> over the study period
(1998–2007). The total nitrogen dry deposition flux
(NO<sub>2</sub>+HNO<sub>3</sub>+NH<sub>3</sub>) is more important in forests (−10 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>)
than in wet and dry savannas (−1.6 to −3.9 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>).
The annual mean dry deposition fluxes of ozone
range between −11 and −19 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in dry and wet savannas,
and −11 and −13 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in forests. Lowest O<sub>3</sub> dry
deposition fluxes in forests are correlated to low measured O<sub>3</sub>
concentrations, lower by a factor of 2–3, compared to other ecosystems.
Along the ecosystem transect, the annual mean of SO<sub>2</sub> dry deposition fluxes
presents low values and a small variability (−0.5 to −1 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>).
No specific trend in the interannual variability
of these gaseous dry deposition fluxes is observed over the study period. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:38:47Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3d8aa0edb57e41bebd6f73d743fccabe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:38:47Z |
| publishDate | 2013-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d8aa0edb57e41bebd6f73d743fccabe2022-12-22T02:30:57ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242013-11-011322113511137410.5194/acp-13-11351-2013Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential methodM. Adon0C. Galy-Lacaux1C. Delon2V. Yoboue3F. Solmon4A. T. Kaptue Tchuente5Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, FranceLaboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'IvoireLaboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, CNRS/UPS, Toulouse, FranceGeographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USAThis work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on the long-term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998–2007) established at seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on the one hand surface measurements of gas concentrations (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) and on the other hand modeled exchange rates. Dry deposition velocities (<i>V</i><sub>d</sub>) were calculated using the big-leaf model of Zhang et al. (2003b). The bidirectional approach is used for NH<sub>3</sub> surface–atmosphere exchange (Zhang et al., 2010). Surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been used in the models of deposition. The seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>) are analyzed. <br><br> Along the latitudinal transect of ecosystems, the annual mean dry deposition fluxes of nitrogen compounds range from −0.4 to −0.8 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> for NO<sub>2</sub>, from −0.7 to −1.0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> for HNO<sub>3</sub> and from −0.7 to −8.3 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> for NH<sub>3</sub> over the study period (1998–2007). The total nitrogen dry deposition flux (NO<sub>2</sub>+HNO<sub>3</sub>+NH<sub>3</sub>) is more important in forests (−10 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) than in wet and dry savannas (−1.6 to −3.9 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The annual mean dry deposition fluxes of ozone range between −11 and −19 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in dry and wet savannas, and −11 and −13 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in forests. Lowest O<sub>3</sub> dry deposition fluxes in forests are correlated to low measured O<sub>3</sub> concentrations, lower by a factor of 2–3, compared to other ecosystems. Along the ecosystem transect, the annual mean of SO<sub>2</sub> dry deposition fluxes presents low values and a small variability (−0.5 to −1 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). No specific trend in the interannual variability of these gaseous dry deposition fluxes is observed over the study period.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/11351/2013/acp-13-11351-2013.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Adon C. Galy-Lacaux C. Delon V. Yoboue F. Solmon A. T. Kaptue Tchuente Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method |
| title_full | Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method |
| title_fullStr | Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method |
| title_short | Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method |
| title_sort | dry deposition of nitrogen compounds no sub 2 sub hno sub 3 sub nh sub 3 sub sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central african ecosystems using the inferential method |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/11351/2013/acp-13-11351-2013.pdf |
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