Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes
Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at lar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1846 |
| _version_ | 1797607107786178560 |
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| author | Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies |
| author_facet | Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies |
| author_sort | Hayden Fast |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at larger electron densities, usually during the daytime. At low electron densities less than 3 × 10<sup>10</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, the ratios were typically above 1, indicating an overestimation effect. The overestimation effect was stronger at night and for Swarm B. It was more evident at lower solar activity when the electron densities in the topside ionosphere were lower. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:25:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d91ee24f162421ca8e0043cd929e9d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:25:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d91ee24f162421ca8e0043cd929e9d32023-11-17T17:29:47ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-03-01157184610.3390/rs15071846Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High LatitudesHayden Fast0Alexander Koustov1Robert Gillies2Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaInstitute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaElectron density measured at high latitudes by the Swarm satellites was compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars at Resolute Bay and Poker Flat. Overall, the ratio of Swarm-based electron density to that measured by the radars was about 0.5–0.6. Smaller ratios were observed at larger electron densities, usually during the daytime. At low electron densities less than 3 × 10<sup>10</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, the ratios were typically above 1, indicating an overestimation effect. The overestimation effect was stronger at night and for Swarm B. It was more evident at lower solar activity when the electron densities in the topside ionosphere were lower.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1846swarm satellitesincoherent scatter radarselectron densitytopside ionospherepolar capauroral zone |
| spellingShingle | Hayden Fast Alexander Koustov Robert Gillies Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes Remote Sensing swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone |
| title | Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
| title_full | Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
| title_fullStr | Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
| title_short | Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes |
| title_sort | validation of swarm langmuir probes by incoherent scatter radars at high latitudes |
| topic | swarm satellites incoherent scatter radars electron density topside ionosphere polar cap auroral zone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/7/1846 |
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