The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional Th1 cytokine and one of the most important inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, TNF-α influences hormone synthesis, placental architecture, and embryonic development. It was also shown that increased levels of TNF-α are associated with pregna...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka Anna Felis-Giemza Marzena Olesińska Piotr Wojdasiewicz Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka Dariusz Szukiewicz |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka Anna Felis-Giemza Marzena Olesińska Piotr Wojdasiewicz Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka Dariusz Szukiewicz |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional Th1 cytokine and one of the most important inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, TNF-α influences hormone synthesis, placental architecture, and embryonic development. It was also shown that increased levels of TNF-α are associated with pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Increased TNF-α levels in complicated pregnancy draw attention to trophoblast biology, especially migratory activity, syncytialisation, and endocrine function. Additionally, elevated TNF-α levels may affect the maternal-fetal relationship by altering the secretory profile of placental immunomodulatory factors, which in turn affects maternal immune cells. There is growing evidence that metabolic/pro-inflammatory cytokines can program early placental functions and growth in the first trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, early pregnancy placenta has a direct impact on fetal development and maternal immune system diseases that release inflammatory (e.g., TNF-α) and immunomodulatory factors, such as chronic inflammatory rheumatic, gastroenterological, or dermatological diseases, and may result in an abnormal release of cytokines and chemokines in syncytiotrophoblasts. Pregnancy poses a challenge in the treatment of chronic disease in patients who plan to have children. The activity of the disease, the impact of pregnancy on the course of the disease, and the safety of pharmacotherapy, including anti-rheumatic agents, in pregnancy should be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:16:17Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:16:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d94da81b0344480a4b996bc39dffbec2023-11-21T10:23:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01226292210.3390/ijms22062922The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and BreastfeedingKatarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka0Anna Felis-Giemza1Marzena Olesińska2Piotr Wojdasiewicz3Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka4Dariusz Szukiewicz5Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional Th1 cytokine and one of the most important inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, TNF-α influences hormone synthesis, placental architecture, and embryonic development. It was also shown that increased levels of TNF-α are associated with pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Increased TNF-α levels in complicated pregnancy draw attention to trophoblast biology, especially migratory activity, syncytialisation, and endocrine function. Additionally, elevated TNF-α levels may affect the maternal-fetal relationship by altering the secretory profile of placental immunomodulatory factors, which in turn affects maternal immune cells. There is growing evidence that metabolic/pro-inflammatory cytokines can program early placental functions and growth in the first trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, early pregnancy placenta has a direct impact on fetal development and maternal immune system diseases that release inflammatory (e.g., TNF-α) and immunomodulatory factors, such as chronic inflammatory rheumatic, gastroenterological, or dermatological diseases, and may result in an abnormal release of cytokines and chemokines in syncytiotrophoblasts. Pregnancy poses a challenge in the treatment of chronic disease in patients who plan to have children. The activity of the disease, the impact of pregnancy on the course of the disease, and the safety of pharmacotherapy, including anti-rheumatic agents, in pregnancy should be considered.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/2922TNF-αanti-TNF-αplacental transferprocreationfertilitypregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka Anna Felis-Giemza Marzena Olesińska Piotr Wojdasiewicz Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka Dariusz Szukiewicz The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding International Journal of Molecular Sciences TNF-α anti-TNF-α placental transfer procreation fertility pregnancy |
| title | The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding |
| title_full | The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding |
| title_fullStr | The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding |
| title_short | The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding |
| title_sort | role of tnf α and anti tnf α agents during preconception pregnancy and breastfeeding |
| topic | TNF-α anti-TNF-α placental transfer procreation fertility pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/2922 |
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