A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.)
German chamomile (<i>M. chamomilla</i>) is recognized as a star herb due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. This plant is found across a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Both the flower heads and blue essential oils of German chamomile possess several pharmacological pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/1/29 |
| _version_ | 1797497974432989184 |
|---|---|
| author | Ramesh Chauhan Sanatsujat Singh Vikas Kumar Ashok Kumar Amit Kumari Shalika Rathore Rakesh Kumar Satbeer Singh |
| author_facet | Ramesh Chauhan Sanatsujat Singh Vikas Kumar Ashok Kumar Amit Kumari Shalika Rathore Rakesh Kumar Satbeer Singh |
| author_sort | Ramesh Chauhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | German chamomile (<i>M. chamomilla</i>) is recognized as a star herb due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. This plant is found across a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Both the flower heads and blue essential oils of German chamomile possess several pharmacological properties of an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic and sedative, etc., nature, which makes it a highly sought after herb for use in many pharma and aroma industries. Chamomile tea, prepared from its flower heads, is also a well-known herbal tea for mind and body relaxation. Though it is a high-demand herb, farmers have not adopted this plant for large scale cultivation as a crop, which could improve their livelihood, due to the high cost in flower heads harvesting, loss in over mature and immature flower heads picking during harvesting, unavailability of varieties and agrotechnologies for machine harvesting, a lack of efficient process development of oil extraction and in the lack of improved stable varieties. There are many studies that have reported on the phytochemistry and pharmacological uses of chamomile, which further explore its importance in the medicine industry. Several studies are also present in the literature on its cultivation practices and plant ecology. However, studies on breeding behavior, genetic improvement, varietal development and mechanical harvesting are scarce in German chamomile. Hence, keeping in mind various aspects of farmers’ and researchers’ interest, earlier reports on taxonomy, floral biology, processing of oil extraction, active constituents, uses, agronomy, breeding challenges and opportunities in German chamomile are summarized in this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d958e3e4d774976b0f84dd52b33d0e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d958e3e4d774976b0f84dd52b33d0e72023-11-23T12:06:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011112910.3390/plants11010029A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.)Ramesh Chauhan0Sanatsujat Singh1Vikas Kumar2Ashok Kumar3Amit Kumari4Shalika Rathore5Rakesh Kumar6Satbeer Singh7Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, IndiaDivision of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, IndiaDivision of Environmental Technology, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, IndiaDivision of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, IndiaDivision of Chemical Technology, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur 176061, IndiaAcademy of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghaziabad 201002, IndiaDivision of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, IndiaDivision of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, IndiaGerman chamomile (<i>M. chamomilla</i>) is recognized as a star herb due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. This plant is found across a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Both the flower heads and blue essential oils of German chamomile possess several pharmacological properties of an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic and sedative, etc., nature, which makes it a highly sought after herb for use in many pharma and aroma industries. Chamomile tea, prepared from its flower heads, is also a well-known herbal tea for mind and body relaxation. Though it is a high-demand herb, farmers have not adopted this plant for large scale cultivation as a crop, which could improve their livelihood, due to the high cost in flower heads harvesting, loss in over mature and immature flower heads picking during harvesting, unavailability of varieties and agrotechnologies for machine harvesting, a lack of efficient process development of oil extraction and in the lack of improved stable varieties. There are many studies that have reported on the phytochemistry and pharmacological uses of chamomile, which further explore its importance in the medicine industry. Several studies are also present in the literature on its cultivation practices and plant ecology. However, studies on breeding behavior, genetic improvement, varietal development and mechanical harvesting are scarce in German chamomile. Hence, keeping in mind various aspects of farmers’ and researchers’ interest, earlier reports on taxonomy, floral biology, processing of oil extraction, active constituents, uses, agronomy, breeding challenges and opportunities in German chamomile are summarized in this review.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/1/29chamomilepharmacological usesgenetic improvementagronomyessential oil |
| spellingShingle | Ramesh Chauhan Sanatsujat Singh Vikas Kumar Ashok Kumar Amit Kumari Shalika Rathore Rakesh Kumar Satbeer Singh A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Plants chamomile pharmacological uses genetic improvement agronomy essential oil |
| title | A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) |
| title_sort | comprehensive review on biology genetic improvement agro and process technology of german chamomile i matricaria chamomilla i l |
| topic | chamomile pharmacological uses genetic improvement agronomy essential oil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/1/29 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rameshchauhan acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT sanatsujatsingh acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT vikaskumar acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT ashokkumar acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT amitkumari acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT shalikarathore acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT rakeshkumar acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT satbeersingh acomprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT rameshchauhan comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT sanatsujatsingh comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT vikaskumar comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT ashokkumar comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT amitkumari comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT shalikarathore comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT rakeshkumar comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail AT satbeersingh comprehensivereviewonbiologygeneticimprovementagroandprocesstechnologyofgermanchamomileimatricariachamomillail |