Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests
The ability of a fungal entomopathogen to infect an insect depends on a variety of factors, including strain, host, and environmental conditions. Similarly, an insect’s ability to prevent fungal infection is dependent on its biology, environment, and evolutionary history. Synanthropic pests have ada...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/774 |
| _version_ | 1797486833590861824 |
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| author | Aaron R. Ashbrook Aram Mikaelyan Coby Schal |
| author_facet | Aaron R. Ashbrook Aram Mikaelyan Coby Schal |
| author_sort | Aaron R. Ashbrook |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ability of a fungal entomopathogen to infect an insect depends on a variety of factors, including strain, host, and environmental conditions. Similarly, an insect’s ability to prevent fungal infection is dependent on its biology, environment, and evolutionary history. Synanthropic pests have adapted to thrive in the indoor environment, yet they arose from divergent evolutionary lineages and occupy different feeding guilds. The hematophagous bed bug (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>) and omnivorous German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>) are highly successful indoors, but have evolved different physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with the human-built environment, some of which also reduce the efficacy of fungal biopesticides. In order to gain greater insight into the host barriers that prevent or constrain fungal infection in bed bugs and German cockroaches, we tested different doses of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> GHA through surface contact, topical application, feeding, and injection. Bed bugs were generally more susceptible to infection by <i>B</i>. <i>bassiana</i> with the mode of delivery having a significant impact on infectivity. The German cockroach was highly resilient to infection, requiring high doses of fungal conidia (>8.8 × 10<sup>4</sup>) delivered by injection into the hemocoel to cause mortality. Mortality occurred much faster in both insect species after exposure to surfaces dusted with dry conidia than surfaces treated with conidia suspended in water or oil. These findings highlight the importance of developing innovative delivery techniques to enhance fungal entomopathogens against bed bugs and cockroaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:39:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dc00201a39b47289e85990341046e81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:39:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dc00201a39b47289e85990341046e812023-11-23T16:54:30ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-08-0113977410.3390/insects13090774Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated PestsAaron R. Ashbrook0Aram Mikaelyan1Coby Schal2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAThe ability of a fungal entomopathogen to infect an insect depends on a variety of factors, including strain, host, and environmental conditions. Similarly, an insect’s ability to prevent fungal infection is dependent on its biology, environment, and evolutionary history. Synanthropic pests have adapted to thrive in the indoor environment, yet they arose from divergent evolutionary lineages and occupy different feeding guilds. The hematophagous bed bug (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>) and omnivorous German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>) are highly successful indoors, but have evolved different physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with the human-built environment, some of which also reduce the efficacy of fungal biopesticides. In order to gain greater insight into the host barriers that prevent or constrain fungal infection in bed bugs and German cockroaches, we tested different doses of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> GHA through surface contact, topical application, feeding, and injection. Bed bugs were generally more susceptible to infection by <i>B</i>. <i>bassiana</i> with the mode of delivery having a significant impact on infectivity. The German cockroach was highly resilient to infection, requiring high doses of fungal conidia (>8.8 × 10<sup>4</sup>) delivered by injection into the hemocoel to cause mortality. Mortality occurred much faster in both insect species after exposure to surfaces dusted with dry conidia than surfaces treated with conidia suspended in water or oil. These findings highlight the importance of developing innovative delivery techniques to enhance fungal entomopathogens against bed bugs and cockroaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/774bed bugsGerman cockroaches<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>entomopathogensbioassays |
| spellingShingle | Aaron R. Ashbrook Aram Mikaelyan Coby Schal Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests Insects bed bugs German cockroaches <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> entomopathogens bioassays |
| title | Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests |
| title_full | Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests |
| title_short | Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests |
| title_sort | comparative efficacy of a fungal entomopathogen with a broad host range against two human associated pests |
| topic | bed bugs German cockroaches <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> entomopathogens bioassays |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/774 |
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